玩兴氛围、创造性过程投入对突破性创新行为的跨层次影响

A Multilevel Research of Playfulness Climate,Creative Process Engagement on Radical Innovation

创新是企业生存与发展的基础,玩兴有利于激发员工创新行为。立足于中国本土化情境,以心流理论为基础,基于44名团队主管及237名下属配对数据,探讨个体玩兴对员工突破性创新行为的作用机制和边界条件,检验创造性过程投入的中介作用以及玩兴氛围的跨层次调节作用。研究发现:个人玩兴对员工突破性创新行为有显著直接影响;创造性过程投入在个人玩兴与突破性创新行为之间起完全中介作用;玩兴氛围正向调节个人玩兴与创造性过程投入之间的关系,个人玩兴通过创造性过程投入对员工突破性创新行为的中介作用被玩兴氛围所调节。该研究结论对工作场所中的玩兴管理以及激发员工突破性创新行为具有一定借鉴意义。

Enterprises are confronted with increasingly fierce market competition,and innovation is the main driving force to maintain competitive advantage.Innovation is generally divided into radical and incremental innovation.Radical innovation emphasizes the novelty and cutting-edge knowledge and technology,while incremental innovation improve existing knowledge and technology mainly by conventional,step-by-step and minor advancement.Based on this,according to the different impact on employee innovative ability,this paper divides employees'innovative behavior into radical and incremental innovative behavior.Radical innovative behavior means that employees can take the initiative to internalize innovative behavior,and they are bold enough to break the convention,and use creative thinking to overcome technical problems.Incremental innovative behavior,on the other hand,refers to the gradual,procedural and even minor modifications of the original technologies,methods or schemes based on daily practices.This behavior has little influence on the breakthrough improvement of enterprise innovative ability.Therefore,the radical innovative behavior is more conducive to the sustainable and subsequent innovation,determines the core competitiveness of enterprises.This paper discusses the mechanism and boundary conditions of individual playfulness on employee radical innovative behaviors,and tests the mediating role of creative process participation and the multi-level moderator of playfulness climate.This paper selects 60 sample enterprises as the research object,mainly distributed in Suzhou,Guangzhou,Shenzhen,Shanghai and Wuhan,covering machinery manufacturing,scientific research services,electronic information and other industries.A total of 326 employee questionnaires and 60 team leader questionnaires were distributed.After excluding invalid samples,44 valid team questionnaires(the effective rate was 73.33%)and 237 valid employee questionnaires(the effective rate was 72.70%)were finally recovered.The results show that individual playfulness has a significant direct effect on employee radical innovative behavior;creative process engagement plays a mediating role between individual playfulness and radical innovative behavior;playfulness climate positively moderates the relationship between individual playfulness and creative process engagement;individual playfulness is moderated by playfulness climate through the mediating effect of creative process engagement on employee radical innovative behavior.There is a natural connection between individual playfulness and employee innovative behavior.If enterprises want to stimulate employee radical innovative behavior,they need to manage all aspects of workplace playfulness.In the daily management,the supervisors and managers give positive affirmation and encouragement to the appropriate recreational activities of employees.Based on the flow theory,this paper creatively introduces the variable of creative process investment,and clarifies the intermediary role of creative process investment between individual playfulness and employee radical innovative behavior.The playfulness climate is incorporated into this framework which reveals the situational conditions of individual playfulness acting on employee radical innovative behavior through creative process investment.In daily management,the enterprise gives positive affirmation and encouragement to the appropriate recreational activities of employees.In order to encourage employees to actively participate in the innovative activities,employees are given more individual rights and psychological authorization.On the other hand,the assessment of employees engaged in creative work can be changed from"process orientedness"to"result orientedness".At the same time,the innovative competition incentive mechanism is introduced to give rich rewards to employees with outstanding innovative performance.Playfulness climate is a prerequisite for promoting individual playfulness and the emergence of employee radical innovative behavior,because no matter whether it shows the characteristics of personal playfulness,the internal motivation of employees participating in radical innovation largely depends on the playfulness climate of the enterprise.In view of this,some Internet companies or companies with high requirements for product innovation can learn from Google,IBM and other companies,introduce the management concept of"playfulness"into workplace,shape a culture that is open and inclusive and tolerates failure to stimulate employees’radical innovative behavior.