罗尔斯的公共理性与重叠共识

Rawls’ Public Reason and Overlapping Consensus

罗尔斯的公共理性与重叠共识思想是对于其正义理论的完善,其目的在于利用理性引导人们走向公共的善。现代社会对于理性的反叛使得人们陷入多元的、碎片化的价值虚无主义和相对主义之中。在罗尔斯看来,虽然个体差异性加深了社会分歧的程度,但还是可以用公共理性搭建社会基本政治结构,从而维护社会的统一性和稳定性。社会需要人们建立共识来克服多元文化之间交流障碍,罗尔斯以公共理性为基点建立起一套行之有效的共识生成机制,但是公共理性的限制分离了正义与道德,个体的正义也不能从自身的道德价值观念中寻求支撑。作为道德基础的重叠共识则表现为一种抽象的普遍性,个体的行为还是要遵循自身具体的多元价值观念,这导致了政治结构的合理化掩盖了人们日常的生活世界。

Rawls’ Public Rationality and Overlapping Consensus which purpose is using reason to guide people towards Public Goods is the perfection of his theory of justice.The modern society’s rebellion against rationality makes people fall into value nihilism and relativism that showed pluralism and fragmentation.According to Rawls,although individual differences have deepened the degree of social differences,Public Rationality can still be used to build the basic Political Structure of Society,so as to maintain the unity and stability of society.Society needs people to establish consensus to overcome the communication barriers between multiculturalism.Rawls has established a set of effective consensus generation mechanism based on Public Rationality.However,the limitation of Public Rationality separated justice and morality which is the reason of individual justice cannot seek support.The Overlapping Consensus as the moral basis is still expressed as an abstract universality,individual behavior has to follow their own specific multiple values.It has led to the rationalization of political structures overshadowing the Living World of everyone.