芳纶的合成与改性

Synthesis and Modification of Aramid

芳纶具有优异的力学性能、良好的耐化学腐蚀性和耐磨性,在军工、航天、运动器材以及防护用具等领域具有广泛应用。然而,芳纶的传统合成工艺放热剧烈,溶剂毒性强,材料的溶解性和加工性欠佳,限制了芳纶的制备与应用。本文总结了近年来正戊烷缩聚法、非水悬浮缩聚法、离子液体法和微通道反应器法等芳纶合成的系列新方法,与此同时还介绍了芳纶改性研究的新进展,包括功能单体共聚以及发展生物基芳纶等,期待本文对芳纶研究和产业发展提供借鉴。

Aramid shows excellent mechanical properties, good chemical resistance, and high abrasion resistance, with broad applications in military, aerospace, sports, and protective equipment. However, great challenges remain for aramid, including huge exothermal reaction, utility of toxic solvent, poor solubility and processability, which limit the manufacturing and applications. This article summarizes recent progress in synthesis of aramid, such as n-pentane as phase change coolant, non-aqueous suspension polycondensation, ionic liquid as solvent, and using microreactor. Moreover, copolymerization of functional monomer and synthesis of bio-based aramid are discussed for the modification of aramid. This highlight would provide guidance for the research and development of aramid.