宋代奢侈消费的平民化趋向与商人的阶层认同

The Tendency of Luxury Consumption's Popularization and the Merchants'Social Stratum Identification in the Song Dynasty

中国传统社会前期以等级分配为核心的消费秩序发展至宋代受到了商品经济大潮和财富力量崛起的巨大冲击,在奢侈消费中以商人为引领的平民化特征日益凸显,从而使得原来士庶之间森严的等级界限日渐模糊。但是,在以政治分层而非经济分层为主体的中国古代,奢侈消费之所以被商人广泛接受并极力追逐,反映的是商人的经济地位与政治地位、社会声望相脱节的事实。商人这种外在的奢侈消费行为背后隐藏的是对自身身份、地位的焦虑和不自信,是对自身阶层认同感的匮乏与缺失。

The development of the consuming order focused on the social rank's allocation in China's early traditional society was greatly impacted by the commodity economic trend and the rise of the wealth power in the Song Dynasty.The feature of the luxury consumptions which was led by merchants is gradually prominent.It makes the class distinctions between literates and commoners gradually vague.However,in ancient China,the social stratification is mainly based on politics not economy.The phenomenon that merchants widely accepted extremely sought for the luxury consumptions reflects the fact that the merchants'economic position,political position and social prestige were disjointed.The external luxury consumption behavior covers the fact that merchants were anxious for and unconfident to their social identities and positions,and their social stratum identity was deficient and missing.