气凝胶材料的研究进展及其在航空航天领域的应用

Progress of Aerogel Materials and Their Applications in Aerospace

气凝胶材料是由聚合物分子链或纳米粒子组成的一种三维纳米骨架结构的多孔材料,它具有低密度、高孔体积、高孔隙率和大比表面积等结构特点,表现出优异的光、热、声、电和力学等特性。气凝胶这种轻质材料能够很好地代替金属材料,在隔热保温、电磁屏蔽、能量储存和基体骨架等航空航天领域具有广泛的应用前景。本文介绍了气凝胶最新研究进展及其在航空航天领域应用,并且展望了气凝胶在该领域的潜在应用和未来发展方向。

Aerogel material is a porous material composed of polymer molecular chains or nanoparticles.It has the characteristics of low density,high pore volume,high porosity and large specific surface area.It exhibits excellent properties of light,heat,sound,electricity and mechanics.Aerogel lightweight materials can be a good substitute for metal materials,and have wide application prospects in the field of aeronautics and astronautics such as thermal insulation,electromagnetic shielding,energy storage and body skeleton.In this review,the latest research progress of aerogels and their applications in aeronautics and astronautics have been well summarized.The potential applications of aerogels in this field and the future development direction of aerogels are also prospected.