广西医养结合机构养老护理员职业现状分析

Occupational status of senior caregivers at Guangxi medical and elderly care institutions

目的了解广西医养结合机构养老护理员职业现状并分析其存在的问题。方法采用整群抽样法,抽取广西4家具有典型代表性的医养结合机构的147名养老护理员进行问卷调查,并随机抽取20名养老护理员和8名机构负责人进行访谈。分析广西医养结合机构养老护理员的职业现状及其当前存在的问题,并提出建议。结果(1)147名养老护理员以女性为主,占95.9%;年龄(50.9±6.7)岁,其中50岁及以上占56.5%;学历以初中及以下为主,占78.9%;69.4%的护理员每日工作10 h及以上;78.9%的护理员月收入3000元以下;58.5%的护理员工作年限不足5年;持有职业技能认定证书者仅占23.1%;仅有22.4%的护理员认为能从工作中获得成就感。(2)养老护理员与入住老人照护比为1∶5,仅有1家医养结合机构的养老护理员与入住老人照护比符合国家标准,其余3家医养结合机构仅能满足广西地方标准。(3)访谈结果显示,养老护理员大多不愿告知亲友自己的具体工作,自身认可度低;养老护理员有接受培训的意愿,但培训机会少;养老护理员严重紧缺且招聘困难。结论广西医养结合机构的养老护理员存在人员结构不合理、配置缺口大、岗位吸引力不足和职业培训有待完善等问题,建议改善养老护理员待遇、加强养老护理人才培养、提升相关社会支持以及规范养老护理员职业培训,以提升医养结合机构养老护理员的质量,应对日益增长的养老服务需求。

Objective To understand the occupational status of senior caregivers at Guangxi medical and elderly care institutions and to analyze its existing problems.Methods The cluster sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey among 147 senior caregivers selected from four typical and representative medical and elderly care institutions in Guangxi.In addition,20 senior caregivers and eight institution heads were randomly selected for an interview.The occupational status and its existing problems to date were analyzed among senior caregivers at Guangxi medical and elderly care institutions,and suggestions were provided.Results(1)Of the 147 senior caregivers,the majority were female,accounting for 95.9%;the age was 50.9±6.7 years,and those aged 50 years or above accounted for 56.5%;most(78.9%)graduated from junior high schools or below;69.4% worked for 10 hours or above every day;78.9% had a monthly income less than 3000 yuan;58.5% had a working year less than five years;only 23.1% possessed a professional credential;only 22.4% thought they could gain a sense of accomplishment at work.(2)The ratio of senior caregivers to elderly people living in the institutions was 1∶5;only one institution had a ratio of senior caregivers to elderly people living in the institution in accordance with the national standard,and the remaining three institutions only had the ratios in accordance with Guangxi provincial standard.(3)The results of the interview revealed that most senior caregivers were unwilling to inform their relatives and friends of their specific job and had a low self-recognition;the senior caregivers had a desire to receive training,but they had few training opportunities;a severe shortage of senior caregivers and a difficulty in the recruitment were observed.Conclusion The senior caregivers of Guangxi medical and elderly care institutions were unreasonable in staff structure,a great allocation gap,insufficient job attractiveness,vocational training that needs to be improved,and other problems.It is suggested to improve senior caregivers'salary,strengthen the training of senior caregivers,promote relevant social supports,and standardize the vocational training of senior caregivers,thus raising the quality of senior caregivers at medical and elderly care institutions so as to meet the ever-growing demands for elderly care services.