编排风险:科技风险型邻避抗争的行动逻辑——以一起基站冲突事件为例

Choreographing Risk and the Action Logic of NIMBY Protest Caused by Technological Risk:A Case Study of Base Station Conflict

对科技风险的忧虑是引发公众邻避抗争的重要原因,本文提出“编排风险”概念来描述和解释这种科技风险型邻避抗争的行动逻辑。编排风险指抗争者针对特定风险议题提出诉求,推动异质行动者聚合形成以风险为核心的社会科技网络(“风险网络”)以应对风险的过程。对基站抗争案例的考察发现,抗争过程包括“动员”“投诉”“施压”三个阶段,不同阶段的风险编排有所不同,分别形成了基于“辐射”“违建”“不作为”议题的风险网络。风险网络会限定抗争者的资源与机会结构,正是在网络的聚合与重构过程中,居民营造出了有效的机会空间,取得了抗争成功。然而抗争者对科技风险议题的策略性建构、呈现与隐匿导致了失败的风险治理,彰显出进行风险沟通与对话等制度变革的必要性。

The worries about technological risks have led to NIMBY protest. This paper uses“choreographing risk”to explain the action logic of NIMBY protest caused by technological risk. Choreographing risk refers to the process about how protesters make claims according to specific risk,and promote the aggregation of heterogeneous actors to form risk-based social-technological networks(“risk networks”) to cope with risks. This paper takes a base station conflict to research and found that,the protesting process included three stages of“mobilization”,“complaint”and“pressure”. The choreographing risk in each stage had different characteristics,forming different risk networks based on“radiation”,“illegal construction”and“inaction”. The risk networks will define protesters’ resources and opportunities. With aggregation and reconstruction of risk networks,residents created effective opportunities and achieved success.The construction,presentation and concealment of technological risk by the protesters led to failure of risk governance,which highlights the need for institutional changes such as risk communication.