长期护理保险能否提高失能老年人的照料满足感?——基于CLHLS 2018年数据的实证分析

Can Long-Term Care Insurance Improve Care Satisfaction of Disabled Seniors?——An Empirical Analysis of CLHLS 2018 Data

人口老龄化背景下,长期护理保险是应对"未备先老"挑战、化解失能老年人照料危机的关键举措。基于社会支持理论,选取中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查2018年数据,采用倾向得分匹配法,检验长期护理保险和失能老年人照料满足感的关系,并识别非正式支持和对社会支持的利用度在其中的调节作用。研究发现:(1)参加长期护理保险对失能老年人的照料满足感有显著正向影响,他们感到"满足"的概率比未参加长期护理保险的老年人增加了11%;(2)子女照料和居住地弱化了长期护理保险对失能老年人照料满足感的正向影响,子女照料仍是老年人的主要照料资源。为促进健康老龄化,应加快在全国推广长期护理保险,提供多层次、多样化的照料服务;注重发挥子女照料等非正式支持的作用,缓解子女在照料过程中的经济压力和精神压力;构建长期护理服务体系,分别通过提质、扩面发展城镇、农村的长期护理保险。

Under the background of population aging,long-term care insurance is a key measure to address the challenge of“growing old before getting prepared”and resolve the problem of caring for the disabled elderly.On the basis of the social support theory,this paper selected data from the2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS)to examine the relationship between LTCI and care satisfaction for disabled elderly through Propensity Score Matching(PSM),and identified the moderating effects of informal support and social support utilization.Results show that LTCI has a significant positive impact on care satisfaction of the disabled elderly,whose probability of feeling“satisfied”increases by 11%compared with the elderly who do not participate in LTCI.Care from children and place of residence weakened the positive effect of LTCI on care satisfaction of the disabled elderly,and children care remains the main resource of care for the elderly.In order to encourage healthy aging,we should promote LTCI nationwide at a quicker pace and provide multi-level and diversified care services.Informal support such as care from children should also play its due role and the economic and mental pressure of children during caregiving should also be relieved.We should also develop a long-term care service system and improve LTCI in urban and rural areas by improving quality and extending coverage.