黄土地区古塔地基勘察要点与主要病害成因

Key Points of Foundation Investigation and Causes of Main Diseases of Ancient Pagodas in Collapsible Loess Area

中国古塔具有重要的文物、旅游和科研价值。为更好地保护黄土地区的古塔,基于工程实践,剖析了古塔地基勘察要点及主要病害成因,提出了保护措施建议。古塔的地基勘察时除查明地基土物理力学性质外,还应查明塔体的病害特征、基础类型、原地基处理方式与效果,分析病害成因,提出维修加固建议,勘察过程中也应避免对塔体地基的过大损坏。塔体原地基处理效果达不到现代规范要求、天然土层具有湿陷性及承载力不能很好地满足上部荷载要求是黄土地区古塔倾斜及地基变形的常见原因,地基受水浸湿加剧了地基变形。加强防排水、加固周围地下洞室、治理影响塔体地基稳定的斜坡是黄土地区古塔保护的重要措施。

Chinese ancient pagodas are of great value in cultural relics, tourism and scientific research. Based on the engineering practice, the main points of the ancient pagoda foundation investigation and the causes of the main diseases were analyzed, and suggestions on the protection measures were proposed in order to protect the ancient pagoda in loess area. In addition to the physical and mechanical properties of the foundation soil, the disease characteristics, foundation types, original foundation treatment methods and effects of the pagoda should be found out. The causes of the disease were analyzed and suggestions for maintenance and reinforcement were proposed. In the process of investigation, excessive damage to the pagoda foundation should be avoided. The original foundation treatment effect of the pagoda cannot meet the requirements of modern specifications, the collapsibility of the natural soil layer and the bearing capacity cannot bear the upper load requirements are the common reasons for the tilt of the ancient pagoda and the deformation of the pagoda foundation in the loess area. Also, the foundation deformation is intensified when soaking in water. Strengthening waterproof and drainage, strengthening surrounding underground caverns and treating slopes that affect the stability of tower foundation are important measures for the protection of ancient pagodas in loess area.