民事案件繁简分流中简案识别及其诉讼机制研究

Research on the Identification and Litigation Mechanism of Simple Cases in the Separation of Complicated and Simple Civil Cases

简案有效识别是案件分流工作的前提和基础,一旦繁简识别不当,必然对司法资源造成浪费,但如何区分简单案件和复杂案件目前还没有统一标准。在司法实践中,多采取定义法、范例法、前置法等进行识别,但这些识别方法各有优势与不足。目前,还存在案件繁简分流标准不明确、简易程序适用不规范、司法人员岗位配置不合理、“送达难”造成司法效率低下、相关部门与律师作用发挥不够等司法实践困境。针对上述问题,各级地方法院要根据案件案由、类型、标的额、复杂程度等确定简案识别机制;同时,要通过合理运用预立案制度、实施审前程序分流、丰富送达方式、简化审后文书等方式,提高民事诉讼效率。

Effective identification of simple cases is the premise and foundation of case simplification and diversion.If the simple cases are not properly identified,it will inevitably waste judicial resources.At present,there is no uniform standard for distinguishing simple cases from complex cases.The judicial practice mostly adopt such methods as definition method,example method and preposition method for identification,but these identification methods have their own advantages and disadvantages.Currently,there are still some difficulties in judicial practice,such as unclear standards for simplifying and diverting cases,nonstandard application of summary procedure,unreasonable post allocation of judicial personnel,low judicial efficiency caused by"difficult delivery",and insufficient role of relevant departments and lawyers.In view of the above problems,local courts at all levels should determine the simple case identification mechanism according to the case cause,type,subject amount and complexity;at the same time,it is necessary to improve the efficiency of civil litigation by rationally applying the pre-filing system,implementing the diversion of pre-trial procedures,enriching the delivery methods and simplifying the post-trial documents.