其他有效的区域保护措施的国际经验及对中国2020年后生物多样性保护的启示

Other-Effective Area-Based Measures of Global Experiences and Implications for Post-2020 Biodiversity Conservation in China

作为就地保护措施的重要手段,与人们所熟知的建立保护地(protected areas, PAs)相比,其他有效的区域保护措施(other effective area-based conservation measures, OECMs)近五年来在国际上逐渐得到重视,被认为是能够兼顾经济社会因素、大幅增加陆地和海洋受保护面积、推动“3030目标实现”的新型保护工具。为了探索OECMs的保护机制,本文在概述OECMs发展历程、概念辨析、认定和报告流程的基础上,重点梳理OECMs在全球范围内的研究进展、认定和报告现状,以加拿大的海洋庇护所为例,详细解读OECMs在推动受保护面积目标实现中的典型应用,以及全球视角下OECMs的价值、挑战及其2020年后的发展机遇,最后结合中国生物多样性就地保护现状,对未来OECMs在中国的应用提出建议。

Compared to the widely recognized area-based conservation measure of establishing Protected Areas(PAs),Other Effective area-based Conservation Measures(OECMs)have gained increasingly attention within global communities during the last five years as a new conservation approach that can balance socioeconomic needs, significantly increase the conserved area, therefore help ensure to achieve the“3030 target”.To explore the conservation mechanisms of OECMs, this paper outlines the development history, the concept and key characters, recognition and reporting guidelines of OECMs, then thoroughly reviews the research advances and development status of OECMs in the global context.By presenting case study of Canadian marine refuge, this paper explains the typical OECMs application in promoting area-based conservation, as well as their values and challenges in the global perspective and their post-2020 opportunities.In the end, this paper identifies several potential OECMs types in China based on existing studies and provide four suggestions to promote the greater recognition and application of OECMs in China.