3个生态区域内5个油橄榄品种的叶片生理特征及开花座果率研究

Leaf Physiological Characteristics, Flowering and Fruit Rate of Five Olea europaea Species in Three Ecological Regions

通过研究四川3个生态区内5个油橄榄品种的叶片生理特征及开花座果率,提出油橄榄川内最适宜生长的地区及相对较优的品种。以油橄榄主栽品种:‘豆果’‘皮瓜尔’‘克罗莱卡’‘小苹果’和‘科拉蒂’为研究对象,测定西昌冕宁、广元利州和金堂淮口3个区域油橄榄叶片光合速率、光合色素含量、抗氧化酶活性及可溶性蛋白含量等叶片功能性指标,结合各生态区各品种相应的开花和座果情况,为油橄榄适生生态区及品种选择提供理论依据。结果显示:(1)3个区内5个油橄榄品种的叶片净光合速率总体表现为西昌冕宁>广元利州>金堂淮口,就净光合速率而言,‘豆果’‘克罗莱卡’‘科拉蒂’‘小苹果’和‘皮瓜尔’在西昌冕宁较金堂淮口分别提高33.76%、51.11%、126.92%、8.61%和81.99%。就蒸腾速率而言,5个油橄榄品种在西昌冕宁较金堂淮口分别提高1.242、2.57、9.47、3.45和0.59倍;就叶绿素总量而言,5种油橄榄在西昌冕宁较金堂淮口分别增加26.79%、34.09%、45.44%、55.38%和82.51%;在西昌冕宁更有利于油橄榄叶片光合色素合成,更有利于叶片进行光合作用,且在5个品种中‘豆果’叶片光合作用较强,‘科拉蒂’次之。(2)在不同的生态区域内油橄榄叶片抗氧化酶活性及可溶性蛋白含量均出现显著性差异,总体变化趋势表现为西昌冕宁<广元利州<金堂淮口。(3)花后7 d及花后15 d座果率就区域而言,优劣表现为西昌冕宁>广元利州>金堂淮口,就品种而言,从优至劣依次为‘豆果’>‘克罗莱卡’>‘科拉蒂’>‘小苹果’>‘皮瓜尔’,‘豆果’在3个区域15 d后出现显著性差异变化,其在西昌冕宁较在广元利州和金堂淮口分别提高1.21%和2.17%,表明在西昌冕宁更有利于油橄榄开花座果。可得结论:在3个生态区油橄榄叶片功能性状特征与开花座果率呈相同的变化趋势,在西昌冕宁地区油橄榄叶片叶绿素含量高,光合作用强,适应性强,开花座果率也较高,5个品种中豆果最优。

By studying the leaf functional traits and flowering and fruit rate of five kinds of olives in three ecological regions of Sichuan, the most suitable growing areas and relatively better varieties in the olives Sichuan were proposed.Taking the main varieties of O.europaea,‘Arbequina’‘Picual’‘Koroneiki’‘Manzanillo’and‘Coratina’as the research objects, the photosynthetic rate and photosynthetic pigment content of O.europaea in 3 regions of Xichang Mianning, Guangyuan Lizhou and Jintang Huaikou were determined.The leaf functional indicators such as antioxidant enzyme activity and soluble protein content, combined with the corresponding flowering and fruit setting conditions of each variety in each ecological zone, provide a theoretical basis for the selection of the suitable ecological zone and variety of olive.The results showed that the overall net photosynthetic rate of the leaves of the 5 species of O.europaea in the three regions was Xichang Mianning>Guangyuan Lizhou>Jintang Huaikou.In terms of net photosynthetic rate, the net photosynthetic rate of‘Arbequina’‘Koroneiki’‘Coratina’‘Manzanillo’and‘Picual’compared with Jintang Huaikou, Mianning in Xichang increased by 33.76%,51.11%,126.92%,8.61% and 81.99%.In terms of transpiration rate, the five kinds of olives in Xichang Mianning increased by 1.242,2.57,9.47,3.45 and 0.59 times respectively compared with Jintang Huaikou.In terms of total chlorophyll, the five kinds of olives in Xichang Mianning increased by 26.79%,34.09%,45.44%,55.38% and 82.51% respectively compared with Jintang Huaikou.Mianning in Xichang was more conducive to the photosynthetic pigment synthesis of olive leaves, and was more conducive to photosynthesis of leaves, and the photosynthesis of the leaves of the five kinds of‘Arbequina’was stronger, followed by‘Coratina’.There were significant differences in the antioxidant enzyme activity and soluble protein content of Olea europaea leaves in different ecological regions, and the overall change trend showed that Xichang Mianning Guangyuan Lizhou>Jintanghuaikou, and the pros and cons of the 5 varieties were‘Arbequina’>‘Koroneiki’>‘Coratina’>‘Manzanillo’>‘Picual’.There were significant differences in bean fruit 15 days after flowering in the three regions.Compared with Guangyuan Lizhou and Jintang Huaikou, Xichang Mianning increased by 1.21% and 2.17%,respectively.It showed that Xichang Mianning was more conducive to the flowering and fruit setting of O.europaea,among which the‘Arbequina’varieties were better.The functional traits of O.europaea in the three ecological regions showed the same changing trend as the rate of flowering and fruit setting.In the Mianning area of Xichang, the leaves of O.europaea have high chlorophyll content, strong photosynthesis, strong adaptability, and high flowering and fruit setting rate, and the‘Arbequina’was the best in five varieties.