白术古今炮制法小考

Discussion on ancient and modern processing method of Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae

文章基于古今文献初步梳理了白术炮制的历史,发现其炮制主要为增强其健脾和胃、补虚、止泻功效,及制约其燥性等,炮制方法则经历了一个由少至多,由简至繁,又由多至少,由繁至简的过程。在白术的众多炮制法中,“火制”法应用最为广泛,且分类细致,主要有“炒”“熬”“炙”“煨”“炮”“焙”法等;“水火共制法”亦有应用,如“蒸法”;涉及的辅料种类可达数十种,部分仍应用至今。现代临床上仍然沿用的白术炮制品主要包括麸炒白术、焦白术、土炒白术等,但炮制标准仅描述为颜色和气味的主观感受,缺乏清晰确切的衡量标准。目前关于白术炮制后药效变化的机制有“减酮减燥,增酯增效”的说法,亦有各类含量物质的变化是炮制“健脾和胃”的物质基础观点,尚无准确结论。因此,亟需相关研究的突破性进展,从而能更深入地挖掘白术炮制品的临床价值。

Based on the ancient and modern literature, this paper preliminarily combs the history of the processing of Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, and finds that its processing intention is mainly to enhance its complementary effect and restrict its dryness. The processing method has gone through a process from less to more, from simple to complex, and from more to at least, from complex to simple. Among the processing methods of Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, the fire processing method is the most widely used, and the classification is meticulous, mainly including ‘frying’, ‘boiling’, ‘roasting’, ‘simmering’,‘canning’, ‘baking’, and so on. There are also applications of ‘water fire co production method’, such as ‘steaming method’;There are dozens of excipients involved, some of which are still used today. The processed products of Atractylodes macrocephala still used in modern clinic mainly include stir fried Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae with bran, burnt Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, stir fried Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae with soil, etc., but the processing standard is only described as the subjective feeling of color and smell, lack of clear and accurate measurement standard. At present, there are some opinions about the mechanism of the effect change of Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae after processing, such as ‘reducing ketone, reducing dryness, increasing ester and increasing efficiency’. There are also some opinions that the change of various content substances is the material basis of processing ‘invigorating spleen and stomach’, but there is no accurate conclusion. Therefore, a breakthrough in related research is urgently needed, so as to further explore the clinical value of processed products of Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae.