美国放火案件侦查机制及技术手段概述

Overview of Criminal Investigative Technologies and Means about Arsons in America

放火是一种典型的暴力犯罪。鉴于放火案件造成的巨大人员伤亡及财产损失,快速准确地对疑似案件定性显得尤为重要。而放火案件现场破坏性大、证据易灭失的特点给火灾调查带来了较大的困难。作为放火案件频发的国家之一,美国相关部门在放火案件侦查过程中运用了较为先进的侦查技术,并积累了丰富的侦办经验,这些技术和经验对我国放火案件的侦查具有重要的借鉴意义。本文从部门响应机制、信息搜集及物证提取三个角度对美国相关部门侦办放火案件的情况进行梳理,归纳出可供我国相关案件办理参考借鉴的要点,为进一步优化我国放火案件的侦办机制以及强化放火案件现场侦查技术提供参考,以进一步提高我国放火案件侦办的科学性和准确性。

Arson, a typical violent crime anywhere, usually results in heavy casualties, severe economic losses and adverse social impact. Therefore, it is urgent and necessay to have an optimal investigation mechanism and method to determine the nature of a suspected fi re case swiftly and accurately. Nevertheless, the highly destructive sites and easily destroyed evidence frequently have the fi re investigators met with great challenges. As one of the countries of occurrence to frequent arson cases,the United States has developed advanced investigation technologies about arson and its investigators have thus accumulated rich experience through tackling with large number of arsons. In order to provide meaningful suggestions for arson investigors to optimize their investigating and handling mechanism and strengthen on-site investigation technologies in China, the essay herein introduced the means and technologies applied about arson investigations by the concerned departments in the United States in recent years and summarized the key points that can be referential for the investigations to handle those similar arson cases in China. For arson cases, whether they are involvement with ignitable liquid or not, this article is purposed of further improving the scientifi city and accuracy for investigation of arson cases in China from the perspectives of response mechanism, information gathering and physical evidence collection.