为什么和声能诱发音乐情感?——音乐协和性的作用及其认知机制

Why musical emotion can be induced by harmony? The effect and cognitive mechanism of musical consonance

音乐是高级意识活动产生的声音艺术,对人类的情感表达和交流具有重要意义。作为连接音乐与情绪的核心要素,协和性的形成原理至今仍然未有定论。人类如何加工多个音符构成的和声?为什么一些和声听起来协和(愉悦),一些和声听起来不协和(不愉悦)?协和感究竟是自下而上的声学感知还是自上而下的审美体验?从古希腊时代至今,这些问题就一直吸引着学者的目光。物理学家从协和与不协和的声学区别中寻找答案,生理学家从听觉生理机制方面分析协和感的产生,心理学家研究协和音程偏好是与生俱来的还是后天形成的。目前,音乐协和性的理论内容主要以西方音乐为主,中国传统民族音乐迫切需要开展相关的实证研究。

Music is an advanced activity of human cognition and one of the universal ways of emotional expression in life.As the core element connecting music and emotion,the rationale for simultaneous consonance is still unsolved.The core of this problem is how our brain possesses musical chords composed of several tones and why some tone combinations sound relatively pleasant(consonance) while others sound unpleasant(dissonance).This question has fascinated scholars since the ancient Greeks.Physicists have been trying to find answers to the differences between acoustic features of consonance and dissonance harmony.Biologists argue that consonance perception is the basic emotional experience evoked by sound events in the auditory system.Psychologists are more inclined to examine whether musical consonance perception is nature or nurture.Although musical consonance has been researched mainly using western theoretical perspectives,studying musical consonance in Chinese traditional music culture is urgently needed.