助推手卫生的行为干预策略

Behavioral intervention strategies to nudge hand hygiene

保持手卫生是感染防控的重要策略,但是如何提高其依从性成为预防传染性疾病和减少医疗机构获得性感染的一大挑战。以行为科学为基础的手卫生助推干预以更“隐性”的方式将洗手转变为一种可自动触发的行为习惯,弥补了以知识分享和健康宣教为主的传统手卫生干预策略的诸多局限性。基于影响机制的不同,手卫生助推干预策略可分为提供决策信息、优化决策选项、影响决策结构、提醒决策方向4个大类的框架体系。多模式助推策略的有效性也已在实践中得到印证,但目前还非常缺乏在中国社会文化情境下开展的助推洗手行为的干预研究,今后可尝试基于行为科学理论有针对性地在医院、学校和社区等公共场所开展此类干预研究和实践,为感染防控、疾病预防和改善公共健康做出相应的贡献。

Maintaining optimal hand hygiene is an important strategy for infection control and prevention.However,how to increase adherence to hand hygiene practices has been a major challenge to prevent infectious diseases and reduce hospital acquired infections(HAIs).Traditional hand hygiene interventions are usually based on knowledge sharing and health education,which only produce weak or modest effects on hand hygiene practices.Recent research in behavioral science provides insights for developing effective behavioral nudging interventions to optimize hand hygiene practices by helping people form better hand hygiene habits.Based on different influential mechanisms,hand hygiene nudging strategies can be classified into four categories,including providing decision information,optimizing decision options,influencing decision structure and reminding decision direction.The effectiveness of multi-facet nudging strategies has also been confirmed hand hygiene practices,however,there is still a lack of hand hygiene nudging intervention in Chinese sociocultural contexts.A direction for future research is to carry out such nudging interventions in hospitals,schools,communities and other public places in China based on the theory of behavioral change,so as to contribute to the prevention and control of infectious diseases and improve public health.