公益事业单位的数据权益保护探讨

Discussion on the Protection of Data Rights and Interests of Public Welfare Institutions

学术界在数据权益保护方案上存在激烈的争论,主要有以所有权论、知识产权论、商业秘密论等为代表的赋权保护模式,以利用权体系论、数据有限排他论和用益权论为代表的行为保护模式。但无论是何种模式,公益事业单位的数据权益均被忽视。实际上,数据是表现信息的介质而非载体,公益性是其本质属性;数据赋权无法从法理上得到证立,更容易造成数据权益保护的非平衡性。实务中,合同法保护方案不仅切实可行,而且能够满足各方主体数据权益保护的需求。

There have been intense debates on data rights protection schemes in academic community. Focus of discussion is mainly reflected in empowerment protection model represented by theories of ownership,intellectual properties,trade secrets,and in behavior protection model represented by theories of utilization rights,limited data exclusivity and usufruct. Regardless of these models,data rights of public welfare institutions are overlooked.In fact, data is a medium of information, not a carrier;and public welfare is its essential attribute. If data empowerment cannot be justified legally,it would likely cause disequilibrium in the protection of data rights. In day-to-day practice,contract law protection plans are not only workable,but also able to meet the needs of data rights protection and interests of all parties.