论藏缅语由形态型向分析型转型的趋势

Tendency of Tibeto-Burman Language Transformation from Morphological to Analytical

过去,对藏缅语由形态型到分析型演变趋势的研究只零星地提到,尚未有系统的论述。文章根据半个多世纪以来的研究成果,在梳理有关藏缅语语言转型论述的基础上,从亲属语言比较、语言结构特点以及古今语言比较等方面论证藏缅语由形态型到分析型的演变趋势。认为:藏缅语语言转型演变是全方位的,必须从语言的各个方面去观察、发掘语言的特点,使之建立适合藏缅语语言转型特点的理论系统;由于藏缅语不同语言在演变上存在不同的个性,所以必须区分不同语言的次类型;藏缅语虽然都已经进入到分析性阶段,但其类型特点不是齐头并进的,要从差异中发现其具体轨迹;必须科学地区分语言外部接触与语言内部转型的关系。由于藏缅语与汉语有密切的亲缘关系,弄清藏缅语的语言类型演变趋势对汉语史的研究能够提供借鉴。

In the past,the research on the evolution trend of Tibeto-Burman Language from morphological type to analytical type was only mentioned sporadically,and there was no systematic discussion.Based on the research results of more than half a century and on the basis of sorting out the discussion on the language transformation of Tibeto-Burman,this paper demonstrates the evolution trend of Tibeto-Burman from morphological type to analytical type from the perspectives of comparison between the related languages,language structural features and comparison between the ancient and modern languages.It is found that the Tibeto-Burman Language Transformation is all-around.The theoretical system has to be built considering every aspect of language features.There are sub-categories due to the individual language change characteristic of different languages.Tibeto-Burman Language has become an analytical language,but the typological features are not formed at the same time.The specific trajectory can be found from particular differences.And the relationship between outside contact and inside transformation in a scientific way should be scientifically distinguished.Since Tibeto-Burman language is closely related to Chinese language,the study of the evolution trend of Tibeto-Burman language types can provide reference for the study of Chinese history.