观赏鲜食兼用猕猴桃新品种满天红2号的选育

A new edible ornamental kiwifruit cultivar Mantianhong No.2

满天红2号是通过自然授粉实生群体选育而成的观赏与鲜食兼用的猕猴桃新品种。该品种树势中等,萌芽率54.37%,花枝率98.96%。花以单花为主,红色,花量大,花冠直径42.91 mm,花瓣6~8枚,花柄长33.87 mm;花丝数53.77枚,紫红色,花药黄色;柱头数35.65枚,白色。果实圆柱形,平均单果质量84.28 g,最大单果质量106 g,果面密生褐色短茸毛;果肉黄色,肉质细腻,可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)16.9%,总糖含量10.48%,可滴定酸含量1.31%,维生素C含量101 mg·100 g^(-1),钾含量335 mg·kg^(-1),钙含量46.5 mg·kg^(-1)。在武汉地区,4月中旬开花,9月底果实成熟,果实生育期在165 d左右。

Mantianhong No.2,bred by Wuhan Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences,is a new edible and ornamental kiwifruit cultivar.It was selected from the open-pollinated seeds of Actinidia eriantha Bentham which usually has red flowers and white indumenta on the branchlets,buds,abaxial leaf surface,petioles,inflorescences and sepals.Twenty-eight seedlings of A.eriantha were planted in 2001,among them one plant had red flowers in bloom and bore a relatively small fruits in 2004,and the buds of it were then grafted onto five plants of A.chinensis var.deliciosa in 2005.One grafted plant numbered‘1-16-3-2’stably had red flowers in bloom in 2010,and bore fruit with a bigger size and a better flavor than those of the parent,and the soluble solids content of the fruit was 16%higher than that of the parent.Five plants from the‘1-16-3-2’were grafted in 2011,and they all bore fruit with a stable yield level and quality in both 2012 and 2013.After several generations of grafting,they still had stable yields and fruit quality.In addition,they were also cultivated in other three regions of Hubei province,including Danjiangkou,Yichang and Enshi,and tested trees in Danjiangkou,Yichang and Enshi showed better comprehensive behaviors than those in Wuhan.In 2020,Mantianhong No.2 obtained the national Plant Variety Rights (CNA20172333.1) from the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs.The vines are slightly vigorous or mild-vigorous.The apricus surface of one-year-old shoot is yellowish brown,and densely covered by a thick layer of dirty yellow tomentum,and the internodes are 29-40mm long.The two-year-old stems are brown,sparsely covered with white ash-like downy hairs.The leaves are thick and chartaceous,somewhat brittle and easily damaged,heart form in shape.The leaf blade is 100-130 mm long and 80-130 mm wide.The flowers are mainly solitary.The flowers stalk is33.87 mm long,light green,and covered with white tomentum.The calyx has 5-7 petals,which are oblong or obtuse at apex with wrinkled strips,brownish white.The opening flowers are pink to red,with 6-8 petals.The corollas are 42.91 mm in diameter.The petals are nearly elliptic.There are 35.65 stamens per flower,filaments are 2-3 mm long,and pink near to petals.The pistils average are rudimentary and overshadowed.The ovarys are 1-1.3 mm long and 0.8-1.0 mm wide.The fruit weights is 84.28 g with maximum 106 g,twice to three times larger than most fruits of A.eriantha collected from the wild.The typical fruit is cylindrical with very small,round or slightly long round fruit spots.The fruit skin is brownish green,and densely covered with abundant brown hairs.The fruit shoulder is truncate and the fruit apex is slightly flat.The fruits are difficultly peeled.The fruit flesh is yellow,fine textured and smooth.The fruit core is small,oval shape and yellowish white.The fruit flavor is good and sweet.The soluble solid contents (SSC) range from 16.9%,the total sugars comtent is 10.48%,the titratable acids is 1.31%,and the vitamin C contents is 101 mg·100 g^(-1) fresh weight.The concentrations of K,Ca in fruit are 335 mg·kg^(-1) and 46.5 mg·kg^(-1),respectively.The fruits can be stored in ambient condition for four months.In Wuhan region,the time of bud break is mild march,and the time of flowering is mildApril.The time of fruit mature is mild-September or late-September.The fruit development period is about 165 days.This new cultivar is suitably cultivated in the regions with the average temperature in winter above-3℃,such as Hubei,Zhejiang,Jiangsu and Fujian provinces.It has a moderate disease resistance.It is susceptible to the soft rot disease when exposed to raining during the flowering and early stages of fruit development.In case of extreme low temperature or cold spell in later spring,it is also easily infected with bacterial canker disease.Thus,it is recommended that this new cultivar should be cultivated in the condition of avoiding excessive rainfall.