国外课堂沉默研究进展探析

Research progress of classroom silence in foreign countries

课堂沉默是师生课堂表达的一种具体现象,对其进行研究有助于理解多样化的师生教学互动,促成优质教学。近20年(2000-2020)的国外课堂沉默相关文献主要围绕课堂沉默的内涵、影响因素、价值和应对策略这四个方面展开。梳理发现,研究多以追求人权和跨文化课堂为主题,旨在探明课堂沉默的影响因素,判定课堂沉默的正负价值并据此提出相应对策,改进课堂教学。学者们在课堂沉默的内涵界定和课堂沉默受多方面因素影响这两点上看法基本一致。关于课堂沉默的正负价值争议较大,从而导致课堂沉默的应对策略分为积极转化与打破消减两个方向。未来该领域的研究,应多关注课堂沉默的类型、发生过程、主动被动等议题,深化课堂沉默的影响因素研究,挖掘课堂沉默的正面价值及积极转化。

Classroom silence is a specific phenomenon of teachers and students’classroom expression.The research on it will help to understand the diversified teaching interaction between teachers and students and promote high-quality teaching.In recent 20 years(2000-2020),foreign literature on classroom silence mainly focuses on four aspects:its connotation,influencing factors,value and coping strategies.According to the findings,most studies focus on the pursuit of human rights and intercultural classroom,aiming to explore the influencing factors of classroom silence,determine the positive and negative value of classroom silence,and put forward corresponding countermeasures to improve classroom teaching.Scholars basically agree on the definition of classroom silence and that classroom silence is affected by many factors.There is a great controversy about the positive and negative value of classroom silence,so the coping strategies of classroom silence can be divided into two directions:positive transformation and breaking and reducing.In the future research in this field,it is suggested to pay more attention to topics such as the type,occurrence process and active and passive of classroom silence,deepen the research on the influencing factors of classroom silence,and explore the positive value and positive transformation of classroom silence.