商业活动中个人生物识别信息的属性与保护

On the Protection of Personal Biometric Information in Commercial Activities

在商业活动中,个人生物识别信息是一项兼具人格性和财产性的综合性权益,应当作为一项新兴权利予以保护。因为其具有的人身唯一性、高度敏感性、损害后果严重性、侵害隐蔽性等特征,所以个人生物识别信息需要给予倾斜性保护。经营者收集使用个人生物识别信息,要坚持做到:目的必要、最少收集,手段必要、最小收集,时间必要、最短维持,安全必要、最小损害。鉴于个人生物识别信息侵权纠纷影响的规模性和广泛性,在侵权纠纷司法案件的审理中,应该对经营者适用过错推定原则,对损害认定不要求实质性损害或者严重精神损害,倡导采取检察公益诉讼方式进行保护。公共利益的判断,要考虑4方面因素,即涉及人数的众多、组成人员的不特定、利益的普遍性和人的基本生存发展需要。在以大数据技术为代表的新经济发展中,经营者与消费者之间在商业方式、技术、商品等方面存在信息不对称,影响着市场公平经济秩序的有效运行,因此需要对经营者“限权加责”,对消费者“增权加益”。

In daily business activities,personal biometric information is a comprehensive right with both personality and property,which should be protected as an emerging right.It has the characteristics of personal uniqueness,high sensitivity,severity of damage consequences,concealment of infringement and so on,indicating that personal biometric information needs inclined protection.When collecting and using personal biometric information,operators shall adhere to the principle of necessary purpose and minimum collection,necessary means and minimum collection,necessary time and minimum maintenance,necessary safety and minimum damage.In view of the scale and universality of the impact of personal biometric information infringement disputes,in the judicial trial of infringement disputes,it is appropriate to apply the principle of fault presumption to operators,and not to require substantive damage or serious mental damage for damage identification,as well as advocating the protection of procuratorial public interest litigation.To judge whether there is public interest,we should consider four factors:the large number of people involved,the non-specific composition of personnel,the universality of interests and the needs of people’s basic survival and development.In the economic development of the new era represented by big data technology,there is a substantial imbalance of power between operators and consumers,and there is a substantial unfairness between transactions.There is a serious information asymmetry in business methods,technologies and commodities,which affects the effective operation of market equity and economic order.It is necessary to “limit rights and responsibilities” for operators and “increase rights and benefits” for consumers.