我国司法干预民间借贷利率上限负面效应之纾解路径

The Relief Path of Judicial Intervention in Private Lending Interest Rates in China

民间借贷利率因涉及信用和影响社会秩序需要国家干预。国家干预的偏好多聚焦于对利率的限制,而利率的频繁变动又会动摇经济秩序。我国采用司法干预民间借贷利率的模式,而司法干预的程度又受制于国家金融利率政策的调整,以致出现了司法干预与行政管理对民间借贷利率的双重调整。这种调整加剧了金融机构及其他金融组织的困惑和学界的分歧,也带来了司法实践适用的不一,从而影响类案同判的司法要求与裁判的稳定性。洞察国家司法干预利率的变迁历史和模式样态,发现我国司法干预民间借贷利率的目的以及利率计算方法调整与政策变动间的内在关联。出于保护资金安全和应对规定变化带来的困惑的目的,我国民间借贷利率上限在以一年期贷款市场报价利率4倍作为常态调整方式的前提下,采用一年期贷款市场报价利率4倍加固定上限的司法干预模式可以纾解由民间利率上限调整所造成的利益失衡,以降低适用新规溢出的负面效应,消解司法频繁干预给借贷秩序带来的不可预期性。

Private lending is often subject to state intervention for its involvement in credibility and social order.State intervention prefers to be focused on interest rate control,and frequent alteration in interest rate will shanke the economic order.Our country adopts judicial intervention in private interest rates,which is often affected by financial interest rate policy.The dual norms of judicature and administration on private lending interest rates have exacerbated the confusion of financial institutions and other financial organizations and triggered divergence in academic circles.This has led to differences in the application of interest rate caps,which have affected the judicial requirements of consistent judgments to similar cases and the stability of verdicts.Observe the state intervention history in private lending interest rates and its pattern,and look for the purpose of judicial intervention in private lending interest rates and the internal relationship between the adjustment of interest calculation methods and policy changes.From the perspective of protecting capital security and dealing with the confusion caused by changes in regulations,complying with 4 times of LPR as the normal adjustment method and adopting “4 times of LPR plus the fixed ceiling” can not only alleviate the interest imbalance caused by the adjustment of private lending interest rate caps,but also reduce the negative effects of the application of the new regulations and eliminate the unpredictability of loan order caused by the frequent adjustment.