自体、客体与文学形象——从心理发展视角重读莎士比亚《李尔王》

Self,Object and Literary Image Creation——Reread Shakespeare’s King Lear From the Perspective of Psychological Development

自体和客体作为人类心理发展过程中人格和情感结构的重要表象,是人物所处时代、生活背景与人物形象之间的桥梁,对文学形象塑造有着重要的解释作用。受自体与客体心理表象在环境影响下发展变化规律的影响,李尔在国王时期和流落荒野时期由于外在环境、人际关系变化产生了心理结构、心理状态的变化。莎士比亚在李尔王形象的塑造过程中,通过描述李尔境遇的转变,塑造出不同时期的人物形象,通过简单而激烈的戏剧语言,展现在观众面前。

As an important representation of personality and emotional structure in the process of human psychological development,self and object are the bridge between the background and image of the character,and have an important explanatory role in shaping the literary image.Influenced by the law of development and change of the mental representations of the self and the object under the influence of the environment,Lear caused changes in the psychological structure and psychological state due to changes in the external environment and interpersonal relations during the Kings and the Wilderness Period.In the process of shaping Lear’s image,Shakespeare described the changes in Lear’s situation and shaped the characters of different periods,and displayed it in front of the audience through simple and intense dramatic language.