数字化转型对制造企业创新绩效的影响研究

Research on the Impact of Digital Transformation on Innovation Performance of Manufacturing Enterprises

创新驱动是我国制造企业转型升级的主要战略,我国政府也多次强调要加快数字产业化和产业数字化,实现传统产业与数字化的深度融合。后疫情时代下的传统企业迫切需要转型升级以提高创新能力,而新兴的数字技术或将成为促进企业创新能力提升的重要力量。因此,研究制造企业的数字化转型对创新绩效产生的影响以及相应的影响因素有哪些具有重要的现实意义。以2012—2019年制造企业的相关数据为样本,首先,从理论上即数字化战略对创新的影响、数字化资源对创新的影响和数字化资源协同对创新的影响等3个方面分析了数字化转型与制造企业创新绩效间的关系,还分析了数字化转型对企业创新绩效影响的区域异质性和产权异质性,同时还分别提出了3个假设。其次,实证分析主要从数字化战略、数字化基础设施、数字化人才、数字化资源协同等4个方面衡量数字化转型,以企业3种类型的专利申请量衡量企业的创新绩效,采用固定效应模型实证探究了制造企业数字化转型与创新绩效间的关系;进一步从地区和产权的角度做了异质性检验,探究不同地区(东部、中西部)和不同产权(国有企业、民营企业)对数字化转型与创新绩效间关系的调节作用;在稳健性检验中,从3个方面展开,将数字化转型指标滞后一期以解决可能存在的内生性问题,使用专利授权量作为创新绩效的替代变量,使用个体、时间和区域的固定效应模型进行检验,以进一步确保文章结论的稳健性。研究结果发现,数字化转型能够显著地促进制造企业创新绩效的提升;进一步的研究表明,我国东部地区数字化转型对创新绩效的促进作用较中西部地区更为显著,民营企业对创新绩效的促进作用较国有企业更为显著;稳健性检验也表明,研究结果十分稳健,具有可靠性。最后指出,数字化转型是制造企业提升创新绩效的有效路径,政府应引导和支持制造企业进行数字化转型,企业也应结合自身情况制定相应的转型战略、加大数字化资源投入以及提升企业数字化资源的协同水平。

Innovation-driven is the main strategy for the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing enterprises in China.The Chinese government has repeatedly emphasized the need to accelerate digital industrialization and industrial digitalization,and realize the deep integration of traditional industry and digitalization.In the post-epidemic era,traditional enterprises need to transform and upgrade to improve their innovation capacity urgently,and emerging digital technology may become an important force to promote the improvement of enterprises'innovation capacity.Therefore,this paper investigates whether the digital transformation of manufacturing enterprises will have an impact on the innovation performance and what are the corresponding influencing factors,and makes a further analysis.Taking the relevant data of manufacturing enterprises from 2012 to 2019 as samples,this paper firstly analyses the relationship between the digital transformation and innovation performance of manufacturing enterprises from such three aspects as:①the impact of digital strategy on the innovation,②the impact of digital resources on the innovation,③the impact of digital resource synergy on the innovation.This paper also analyses the regional heterogeneity and property rights heterogeneity of the impact of digital transformation on the enterprise innovation performance,and three hypotheses are proposed respectively.Secondly,the empirical analysis mainly measures the digital transformation from such four aspects as:①digital strategy,②digital infrastructure,③digital talents,④digital resource synergy.The innovation performance of enterprises is measured by the number of patent applications of three types of enterprises.The fixed effect model is employed to empirically study the relationship between the digital transformation and innovation performance of manufacturing enterprises.This paper further conducts heterogeneity tests from the perspective of regions and property rights,and explores the moderating effects of different regions(eastern and central-western)and different property rights(stateowned enterprises and private enterprises)on the relationship between digital transformation and innovation performance.In the robustness test,to further ensure the robustness of conclusions,this paper expands from such three aspects as:①lagging the digital transformation index for one period to solve the endogenous problem,②using the amount of patent authorization to replace the amount of innovation performance,③using individual,time and regional fixed effect models for test.The results show that digital transformation can significantly promote the innovation performance of manufacturing enterprises.Further study shows that the promotion effect of digital transformation on the innovation performance in the eastern region of China is more significant than in central and western regions,and private enterprises are more significant than stateowned enterprises.The results of robustness test also show that the research results of this paper are relatively robust and reliable.Finally,this paper points out that digital transformation is an effective way for manufacturing enterprises to improve their innovation performance.The government should guide and support manufacturing enterprises to carry out the digital transformation,and enterprises should also formulate corresponding transformation strategies,increase the investment of digital resources and improve the coordination level of enterprise digital resources based on their own situation.