明清易代之际的批判理学:再论吕留良理学思想的基本定位

The Critical Neo-Confucianism during the Dynastic Changes from Ming to Qing Dynasty:Re-discussions on the Properties of Lvliuliang’s Neo-Confucianism

以往对于吕留良理学思想的讨论,基本上都是以“尊朱辟王”来概括其思想立场。实际上“尊朱辟王”的说法并不合适,因为这样的解释是比较含糊的,不能很准确地表达吕氏所处时代的思想状况、吕氏本身对于自我身份的认同以及吕氏思想的基本价值倾向。有鉴于此,对于吕氏理学思想的概括可以视为“批判理学”,这样更能体现处于明清易代之际以遗民身份自限的这样一种具体的理学思想形态。吕氏理学思想显然是批判王学的,但是又跟一般意义上的朱子学不一样,这是由于吕氏所处的特殊生活氛围和身份意识所决定的。

In the past,the discussions of Lvliuliang’s Neo-Confucianism basically summarized by “respecting Zhu and criticizing Wang”(Zun Zhu Pi Wang).This paper holds that in fact,the statement of “respecting Zhu and criticizing Wang” is not appropriate,because this explanation is actually vague.It can not accurately express the ideological status of Lv’s era,Lv’s own identity for self-identity and the basic value tendency of Lv’s thought.In view of this,this paper believes that Lv’s Neo-Confucianism can be regarded as critical Neo-Confucianism,which can better reflect such a specific Neo-Confucianism thoughts during the dynastic changes from Ming to Qing Dynasty.He is obviously critical of Wang Xue,but it is different from Zhu Zi’s thoughts in a general sense.Such differences are determined by Lv’s special living atmosphere and identity consciousness.