不同生计农户旱灾社会脆弱性评价——以乌蒙山区毕节市为例

Evaluation of social vulnerability to drought disaster of farmers with different livelihoods:Take Bijie City in Wumeng Mountains area as an example

毕节市地处乌蒙山区,经济欠发达,旱灾严重,对毕节市农户旱灾社会脆弱性评价极具意义。从农户视角,在划分农户生计类型的基础上,结合社会脆弱性的概念,从敏感性、适应性与致灾强度三方面构建农户旱灾脆弱性评价指标体系,以实际调研数据为基础,本文采用加权综合评分法评价农户旱灾社会脆弱性,分析旱灾社会脆弱性与农户生计类型的关系。结果显示:农户旱灾脆弱性较高,主要受保险意识与家庭经济状况影响;生计类型与农户旱灾社会脆弱性关系密切,其中纯农户最高,脆弱性指数达到(0.494 4),二兼户(0.477 2)和非农户(0.454 3)其次,一兼户(0.429 3)最低。今后应增加纯农户非农收入与推广农业保险。

Bijie City,located in the Wumeng mountain area,is a region with underdeveloped economy and severe drought,then taking it as an example to evaluate the farmer’s social vulnerability to drought is of great significance.Considering the perspective of farmer,the type of livelihood and the concept of social vulnerability,the evaluation index system for farmer’s vulnerability to drought is established from three aspects:sensitivity,adaptability and hazard intensity. Based on research data,the weighted aggregate grade method is used to evaluate farmers’ drought social vulnerability and analyze the relationship between social vulnerability in drought and the types of farmers’ livelihoods. This study indicates that the peasant household are more vulnerable to drought,which is mainly affected by insurance awareness and family economic conditions;the type of livelihood is closely related to social vulnerability,among which pure agriculture households(0.4944)are the highest,then off-farm dependent households(0.4772)and agriculture-dependent households(0.4543),agriculture-dependent households(0.4293)are the lowest.It is necessary to increase the non-agricultural income of pure agriculture households and to extend agricultural insurance in the future.