系统性健康教育对基层医院围产期母婴健康的影响

Effect of systematic health education on maternal and infantile health during perinatal period in grass-roots hospitals

目的探讨系统性健康教育对围产期母婴健康的影响,以便为基层医院围产期母婴健康提供科学管理依据。方法随机选择南澳县人民医院2019年1月至2020年12月收治的810例孕产妇作为观察组,年龄(29.5±13.5)岁,有计划实施系统性健康教育干预措施;随机选择南澳县人民医院2017年1月至2018年12月收治的956例孕产妇作为对照组,年龄(29.0±12.0)岁,只进行口头常规性健康教育。比较两组孕产妇采取不同教育后的效果。统计学方法采用独立样本t检验和卡方检验。结果健康教育干预后,观察组孕产妇对调查问卷中各项内容有了全面了解和掌握,健康教育总有效率明显高于对照组[100.00%(810/810)比92.53%(880/951)],差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=67.289,P<0.001)。观察组孕产妇经系统性健康教育干预后,顺产率[81.0%(656/810)比69.3%(659/951)]、母乳喂养率[99.0%(802/810)比90.4%(860/951)]均明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=33.507、64.859,均P<0.001);观察组孕产妇产褥期感染率低于对照组[0.1%(1/810)比0.8%(8/951)],两组比较差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.413,P=0.036);而难产率、产后出血率、新生儿窒息评分及新生儿脐部感染、新生儿肺炎、新生儿高胆红素血症发生率两组比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论对基层医院孕产妇实施系统性健康教育,可明显提高孕产妇顺产率与母乳喂养率,减少围产期母婴并发症发生,从而保障围产期母婴安全。

Objective To explore the effect of systematic health education on perinatal maternal and infantile health,so as to provide scientific management basis of perinatal maternal and infantile health in grass-roots hospitals.Methods A total of 810 pregnant women aged(29.5±13.5)years admitted to Nan'ao County People's Hospital from January 2019 to December 2020 were randomly taken as an observation group,and planned systematic health education intervention measures were implemented;956 pregnant women aged(29.0±12.0)years admitted to Nan'ao County People's Hospital from January 2017 to December 2018 were randomly taken as a control group,and oral routine health education was carried out.The effects of different education methods were compared between the two groups.Independent sample t test was used for the measurement data and Chi-square test was used for the count data.Results After health education intervention,the pregnant women in the observation group had a comprehensive understanding and mastery on the contents of the questionnaire,and the total effective rate of health education was significantly higher than that in the control group[100.00%(810/810)vs.92.53%(880/951)],with a statistically significant difference(χ^(2)=67.289,P<0.001).After systematic health education intervention,the spontaneous labor rate[81.0%(656/810)vs.69.3%(659/951)]and breastfeeding rate[99.0%(802/810)vs.90.4%(860/951)]in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group,with statistically significant differences(χ^(2)=33.507 and 64.859,both P<0.001);the puerperal infection rate in the observation group was lower than that in the control group[0.1%(1/810)vs.0.8%(8/951)],with a statistically significant difference(χ^(2)=4.413,P=0.036);there were no statistically significant differences in the dystocia rate,postpartum bleeding rate,neonatal asphyxia score,and incidences of neonatal umbilical cord infection,neonatal pneumonia,and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia between the two groups(all P>0.05).Conclusion Systematic health education for pregnant women in grass-roots hospitals can significantly improve the spontaneous labor rate and breastfeeding rate and reduce the incidence of maternal and infantile complications in perinatal period,so as to ensure the maternal and infantile safety in perinatal period.