基于里德堡原子相干效应的微波电场测量技术研究进展

Research Progress of Microwave Electric Field Measurement Technology based on Coherent Effect of Rydberg Atoms

近年来,采用里德堡原子的微波电场测量技术得到了迅速发展,获得了广泛应用。该电场探测技术是一项全新技术,可以将微波电场通过基本物理常数与频率测量直接关联,具有测量动态范围大、测量灵敏度高和测量不确定度小的特点,有望替代传统溯源路径,直接关联国际单位制(SI)。本文基于里德堡原子相干效应的微波电场测量技术原理,针对国内外微波电场的高准确度、高灵敏度和极化方向测量技术发展现状,和对微波电场测量的工程化光源系统,蒸气室探头的仿真验证实验和集成式蒸气室探头的设计研究等方面的相关进展做了详细介绍。

In recent years,microwave measurement techniques based on Rydberg atom have been developed rapidly and widely used.The technology of detecting microwave based on coherent effect of Rydberg atom is novel that can directly correlate microwave field strength with frequency measurements via fundamental physical constants,with high sensitivity,large dynamic range,and low measurement uncertainty,it is expected to be the next generation of microwave electric field reference that can be traced directly to the International System of Units( SI).In this paper,the principle and development of microwave measurement based on the coherent effect of Rydberg atom are introduced in detail,the research progress at home and abroad is discussed in three aspects,including high accurate measurement,high sensitivity and microwave polarization direction measurement.In final,the applied research in engineering system has been discussed in three aspects,including the technology of addressing the broadband Rydberg states,the simulation analysis versus experiment test of vapor in microwave electric field and design of fiber-coupled vapor.