组织学与胚胎学医学教学模式改革初探

Attempting a new medical education model for Histology and Embryology

目的目前的医学教育课程体系大致可分为3种类型:以学科为中心的传统课程体系、以问题为中心的课程体系(PBL)以及以器官系统定位的课程体系,但这3种课程体系各具优缺点。本研究将这3种方法合理融为一体,去除各自教学方法的缺陷,保留优点,形成独特的教学新法,使之能更好地适合中国医学教育发展,并易于推广应用。方法本研究涉及5年制、8年制医学本科学生和组织学与胚胎学教研室全体教师。课程改革内容由3部分组成:(1)课程内容精讲;(2)相关进展介绍和(3)科研小组活动。结果学生们可以渐进式、系统地牢固掌握基本知识点(正常的人体组织细胞的结构与功能),同时可以了解16个与临床疾病相关的疾病病因与治疗的研究进展现状,并在导师指导下完成某一领域(系统)的课题研究。结论该法兼顾了3种教学课程体系的优点,不需改动任何原有的教学资源,较好地继承和发扬传统教学方法,符合中国国情,具有切实可行性,可以在国内外推广。

Objective Currently,there are three basic medical teaching models in the medical education system in China:the traditional discipline-based learning,the problem-based learning(PBL)and the organ/system-based learning.These three models have their own strengths and weaknesses.This study was designed to attempt the integration of the three methods into one unique education model,which is feasible and can meet the need of the current education needs in China.Methods This study involved the 5-year and 8-year medical students and the teachers from the Department of Histology and Embryology.This medical educational model consisted of three sessions:(a)lecture content refinement to include key points by teachers;(b)introduction of the latest medical progresses related to the refined lecture contents from teachers to students;(c)participation of students in scientific research programs.Results Students could gradually and systematically identify the cognitive knowledge(structure and function of normal human tissue cells)and recall the research progresses of 16 types of clinic diseases regarding their etiology and treatment.Meanwhile,the students could complete some scientific research program under the guidance of the professors.Conclusion This education model combines the advantages of the three kinds of education models without changing any existing educational resources,which could better inherit and develop the traditional course-based learning and is suitable for dissemination in China.It is of great feasibility and has the potential to be promoted at home and abroad.