垄向和株行距配置对日光温室番茄生育及产量的影响

Effects of Ridge Direction and Plant and Row Spacing on Growth and Yield of Tomato in Solar Greenhouse

为了寻求日光温室果菜适宜机械化的种植模式,本试验以番茄为试材,采用二因素裂区设计,研究了垄向和株行距配置对其生长发育、产量及品质的影响。主区为垄向,设置NS(南北垄向)和EW(东西垄向)两水平;副区为株行距,在666.7m^(2)栽植密度约2400株的前提下,设T40(大行距100cm,小行距40cm,株距40cm)、T30(大行距140cm,小行距40cm,株距30cm)和T25(大行距180cm,小行距40cm,株距25cm)三水平。结果表明:相同垄向,随着行距增大、株距减小,番茄株高呈上升趋势,茎粗呈下降趋势,果实成熟时间提前,根系活力、叶绿素含量、净光合速率、果实产量和品质均呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,以T30处理综合表现最优;相同株行距,与南北垄向相比,东西垄向番茄株高、茎粗、根系活力、叶绿素含量、净光合速率、果实成熟时间、品质等差异不显著,产量以T30处理增加较显著;南北垄向相邻双行之间植株生长和产量没有显著差异,东西垄向相邻双行之间植株生长和产量存在一定差异,但小于日光温室内南、北位置所造成的差异。综合冬春和秋冬两茬试验结果,日光温室番茄可以采用东西向宽行种植,适宜株行距为大行距140cm、小行距40 cm、株距30cm。

In order to develop planting mode suitable for mechanization in solar greenhouse,the effects of different ridge directions and plant and row spacings on tomato growth,yield and quality were studied.The two-factor split block design was adopted with the main block as ridge direction and the sub block as plant and row spacing.The ridge directions were set as NS(north-south ridge direction)and EW(east-west ridge direction).On the premise of planting density at about 2400 plants per 666.7 m^(2),the row spacings were set as T40(large row spacing of 100 cm,small row spacing of 40 cm,plant spacing of 40 cm),T30(large row spacing of 140 cm,small row spacing of 40 cm,plant spacing of 30 cm)and T25(large row spacing of 180 cm,small row spacing of 40 cm,plant spacing of 25 cm).The results showed that in the same ridge direction,with the increase of row spacing and the decrease of plant spacing,the plant height of tomato showed an upward trend,while stem diameter showed a downward trend;the fruit ripening time was advanced;the root activity,chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate,fruit yield and quality increased first and then decreased,and those of T30 treatment was the best.With the same plant and row spacing,there were no significant differences in plant height,stem diameter,root activity,chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate,fruit ripening time and quality between EW and NS;the yield per unit area increased significantly under T30 treatment in EW compared with NS.There was no significant difference in plant growth and yield between the two rows on the same ridge in the NS direction,and there was a certain difference in plant growth and yield between the two rows on the same ridge in the EW direction,which smaller than that caused by spatial difference between north and south of the solar greenhouse.Based on the results,it was recommended to plant tomato in east-west direction with wide row in solar greenhouse.The suitable large row spacing was 140 cm,the small row spacing was 40 cm,and the plant spacing was 30 cm.