不同类型缓/控释氮肥对夏玉米生长及产量的影响

Effects of Different Types of Slow/Controlled-Release Nitrogen Fertilizers on Growth and Yield of Summer Maize

本研究采用盆栽试验法,以不施氮肥为对照(CK),设置普通尿素(U)、尿素+硝化抑制剂(NI)、尿素+脲酶抑制剂(UI)、凝胶尿素(SU)和包膜尿素(CRU)共6个处理,探究不同缓/控释氮肥在夏玉米上的应用效果。结果表明,施氮显著提高夏玉米各生育期土壤硝态氮含量和叶片净光合速率。与U处理相比,各缓/控释氮肥处理均显著提高拔节期和灌浆期夏玉米穗位叶净光合速率。与普通尿素相比,各缓/控释尿素处理夏玉米产量均有所增加,其中SU和CRU处理分别显著增产45.05%和49.23%。因此,施用缓/控释尿素能改善夏玉米生育后期土壤氮素供应状况,使叶片维持更高的净光合速率,有利于地上部干物质量和产量的形成,其中凝胶尿素和包膜尿素增产效果更为显著。

In this study,the application effects of slow/controlled-release nitrogen fertilizers on summer maize were explored by pot experiment with six treatments including common urea(U),urea+nitrification inhibitor(NI),urea+urease inhibitor(UI),hydrogel urea(SU),coated urea(CRU)and no N fertilizer(CK).The results showed that nitrogen application significantly increased the content of soil nitrate nitrogen and net photosynthetic rate of leaves at each growth stage of summer maize.Compared with U treatment,the slow/controlled-release urea treatments significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate of ear position leaves at jointing stage and grain filling stage.The yield of slow/controlled-release urea treatments increased compared with U treatment,and that of SU and CRU treatments increased significantly by 45.05%and 49.23%respectively.Therefore,applying slow/controlled-release urea could improve soil nitrogen supply at the late growth stage of maize,maintain higher net photosynthetic rate of leaves,and facilitate dry matter accumulation and yield formation,especially hydrogel urea and coated urea.