中国农业高质量发展面临的挑战和解决途径

Challenges and solutions to high-quality development of agriculture in China

推动中国农业高质量发展,有利于实现乡村振兴战略目标,促进整体经济高质量发展。目前,中国农业高质量发展面临若干重要挑战:土地资源有限、水资源短缺、经营规模扩大缓慢、农业生产者支持率低。为此,对推动中国农业高质量发展提出以下政策建议:加强土地和水资源管理;提升农村劳动力人力资本,推动农业从业者从传统农民向现代农业经营者转变;提高农业生产者支持力度,农业补贴由投入品补贴向基于经营面积的补贴倾斜;建立替代土地的农村社会保障机制,推动适度规模经营;在坚持主要粮食作物完全自给的同时,适时适度辅以进口,缓解国内资源和环境压力;依托乡村振兴战略,提升政策效力。

Promoting high-quality development of agriculture will help achieve the strategic goal of rural revitalization and promote high-quality development of the overall economy.We analyze several important challenges facing high-quality agricultural development in China,including limited land resources,water shortage,slow expansion of farm scale,and low support rate of agricultural producers.We put forward several suggestions to promote high-quality development of agriculture,including strengthening land and water resources management,improving the human capital of the rural labor force,promoting the transformation of agricultural laborers from traditional farmers to modern agricultural operators.We should increase the support rate for agricultural producers,shift from input subsidies to subsidies based on area,establish alternative social security mechanisms to replace land,and promote appropriate scale operation.While maintaining complete self-sufficiency in major grain crops,imports should be supplemented at the appropriate time and to an appropriate extent to ease the pressure on domestic resources and the environment.We should also rely on the rural vitalization strategy to make policies more effective.