浅析电站尾水和高坝升鱼机补水对诱鱼流场的影响

Analysis on the Influence of Power Station Tail Water and High Dam Fish Lifter Water Supplement on Fish Attracting Flow Field

为了恢复鱼类洄游通道,沟通坝址上下游的鱼类遗传交流,拦河工程需要设置过鱼设施,目前大多过鱼设施的进口设置在电站尾水渠附近,以利用尾水诱鱼。以某高坝升鱼机设置为例,首先通过试验确定主要过鱼对象喜好的水流流速,然后通过数值模拟,对过鱼季节电站机组不同运行方式以及升鱼机不同补水流量工况组合下水流流场结构进行计算分析。研究表明,机组运行方式、鱼道补水流量等会对水流流场结构产生较明显的影响,调整尾水导墙高程,改变尾水流向能够改善水流流场结构,为鱼类上溯提供较好的水流条件。研究成果可为高坝升鱼机诱鱼流场优化等提供技术参考,也可为类似工程借鉴。

In order to restore the fish migration channel and communicate the fish genetic exchange between upstream and downstream of the dam site, fish-passing facilities are arranged. At present, most of the fish crossing facilities are set near the tailrace of the power station to use the tailrace to lure fish. This paper takes the setting of a high-dam fish lifter as an example. First, through investigation and experimentation, the river flow velocity of the main fish-passing subjects is determined, and then through numerical simulation, the different operating modes of the power plant unit and the different water supply flow conditions of the fish-lifting machine during the fish-passing season are determined. The calculation and analysis of the combined flow field structure of the downstream water show that the operation mode of the unit and the water flow of the fishway will have a greater impact on the flow field structure. By adjusting the height of the tail water diversion wall and changing the flow direction of the tail water, the water flow can be improved. The field structure provides better water flow conditions for fish to go upstream. The research results can provide a technical reference for the optimization of the flow field of the high-dam fish-lifting machine, and can also be used as a reference for similar projects.