辽宁温室滴灌种植条件下番茄结果期需水规律和水分利用效率研究

Study on Water Requirement and Water Use Efficiency of Tomato in Fruiting Period under Drip Irrigation Planting in Greenhouse in Liaoning

为了阐明滴灌技术的节水潜力,在设施大棚条件下,研究了不同灌水量下对番茄结果期生长指标、产量和水分利用效率的影响。适度减少灌水(0.85 EP)可显著影响番茄结果前中期的株高与茎粗,但对番茄最终的株高与茎粗则无显著影响。与常规灌水相比(1.00 EP),0.85 EP处理显著提高了水分利用效率的同时,番茄的产量上也没有明显的差异。但与常规灌水及0.85EP处理相比,过度控水(0.75 EP、0.65 EP)会显著降低番茄产量,降幅分别达9.26%、8.87%(0.75 EP)和29.29%、28.83%(0.65 EP)。相关分析表明,番茄结果中期的株高与产量呈显著正相关,说明此时期灌溉水量需满足番茄基本的生长发育。由此可见,在滴灌条件下,设施番茄可通过适当减少灌水量进一步达到节水、保产的目的 ,使有限的水资源发挥更大的经济效益。

In order to clarify the water-saving potential of drip irrigation technology, the effects of different irrigation amounts on the growth index, yield and water use efficiency of tomato in fruiting period were studied under the condition of facility greenhouse. Moderately reducing irrigation(0.85EP)can significantly affect the plant height and stem thickness in the early and mid-term of tomato fruiting, but it has no significant effect on the final plant height and stem thickness of the tomato. Compared with conventional irrigation(1.00EP), 0.85EP treatment significantly improved water use efficiency, and there was no significant difference in tomato yield. However, compared with conventional irrigation and 0.85EP treatment,excessive control of water(0.75EP, 0.65EP)will significantly reduce tomato yields by 9.26%, 8.87%(0.75EP)and 29.29%,28.83%(0.65EP), respectively. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between plant height and yield of tomato in the middle of fruiting. It shows that the amount of irrigation water during this period needs to meet the basic growth and development of tomatoes. It can be seen that under drip irrigation conditions, facility tomatoes can further achieve the purpose of saving water and maintaining production by appropriately reducing the amount of irrigation water, so that the limited water resources can exert greater economic benefits.