项目环评、排污许可与温室气体管控制度衔接研究——以石化行业为例

Study on the System Coordination of Project Environmental Impact Assessment,Pollutant Discharge Permit and Greenhouse Gas Control∶Taking Petrochemical Industry as An Example

对美国和欧盟固定源温室气体与污染物的“一证式”管理体系进行了梳理,并对我国目前固定源温室气体管控与项目环评、排污许可衔接面临的技术性挑战进行了分析。研究发现我国固定源温室气体纳入项目环评尚存在缺少评价基准、缺少温室气体减排可行技术体系及难以开展区域总量削减替代等问题,而纳入排污许可则需全面开展各源项许可量、可行技术、自行监测和台账记录等内容的研究和制定。鉴于此,以石化行业为例提出了分阶段建立固定源温室气体排放数据库、排放评价体系以及合理化设计温室气体削减替代方案等对策建议,为实现碳达峰和碳中和目标下温室气体与污染物协同减排提供参考。

This paper reviews the certification-based management systems of greenhouse gases(GHG)and pollutants for stationary sources in the United States and the European Union.The technical challenges in the coordination of GHG control,project Environmental Impact Assessment(EIA)and pollutant discharge permit system for stationary sources in China are also analyzed.It is found that there are still some challenges integrating GHG control into the project EIA system for stationary sources in China,such as the lack of assessment benchmark and feasible technology system for GHG emission evaluation,difficulty in developing regional total emissions reduction alternative evaluation program,and integrating GHG control into pollutant discharge permit system require to study and formulate relevant content on GHG allowance per source term,feasible technology,self-monitoring and record sheet.In view of this,this study takes the petrochemical industry as an example and puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions on establishing a fixed source GHG emission database,an emission evaluation system and designing rationalized GHG mitigation alternatives in phases,which will provide references for fully realizing the synergistic emission reduction between greenhouse gases and pollutants under the targets of carbon emission reduction,emission peak and carbon neutrality.