非天然氨基酸及非天然蛋白合成的研究进展

Research progress in synthesis of unnatural amino acids and unnatural proteins

非天然氨基酸是天然氨基酸的衍生物,其具有重要的生理和药理功能。由非天然氨基酸合成的非天然蛋白同样具有特别的功能与活性。非天然氨基酸插入蛋白质中的研究为新型生物材料和蛋白质药物等的合成和应用提供了新的指导方向。基于此,本文综述了非天然氨基酸的生物合成方法,分析了非天然氨基酸生物合成目前存在的难点,总结了非天然氨基酸插入蛋白质中的方法,并分析了插入方法的优缺点。同时,本文概括了非天然蛋白质的应用领域,以期为非天然氨基酸的代谢工程和遗传密码工程的结合和应用提供参考。

Unnatural amino acids are derivatives of natural amino acids and have significant physiological and pharmacological functions.Unnatural proteins biosynthesized from unnatural amino acids also have special functions and activities.The research on the incorporation of unnatural amino acids into proteins provides a new direction for the synthesis and applications of new biomaterials and protein drugs.Based on that, this review summarizes the biosynthesis methods of unnatural amino acids and analyzes the current difficulties in biosynthesis of unnatural amino acids.Then, this review summarizes the methods of incorporating unnatural amino acids into proteins and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of incorporation methods.Moreover, this review summarizes the application fields of unnatural proteins, to provide reference for the combination and application of metabolic engineering and genetic code engineering of unnatural amino acids.