摘要
There is near unanimous consensus that the global climate is warming and most of the warming is attributable to human activities.The world economic expansion has largely been driven by fossil fuels,leading to increasing emissions of greenhouse gases(GHGs).The world’s average temperature has risen at a rate of 0.07℃per decade since 1880 and nearly triple that rate since the 1990s.In addition to heat waves and cold spell,climate change may lead to a wide range of extreme weather conditions,including drought,floods,typhoons,windstorms,and landslides.Exposure to non-optimal temperatures and extreme weather conditions has been associated with a range of adverse health outcomes,including excess mortality and morbidity from various causes,and changes in the ecology of infectious diseases.For example,in China,14.3%of non-accidental mortality during 2013–2015 may be related to non-optimal temperatures,with 11.6%and 2.7%explainable by exposure to cold and heat,respectively(1).The recent global burden of diseases study(GBD 2019)shows that non-optimal temperatures are among the ten leading causes of death worldwide(2).A projection study showed that under high-emission scenarios,the negative health impacts of climate change would disproportionately affect warmer and poorer regions of the world(3).Climate change can also affect climate-sensitive infectious diseases carried by animal hosts or vectors,including malaria,dengue fever,schistosomiasis,Japanese encephalitis,and Angiostrongylus cantonensis.
