韩非论出现政治危机的三种原因

Han Fei’s Three Reasons for the Political Crisis in the Late Warring States Period

战国时期社会动荡不安,韩非对造成这一现象的原因进行了分析,认为出现政治危机的原因由里及表分为三个层次。最深层次的原因是君主持国无度,君主持国无度的外在表现是奸臣弄权,奸臣弄权是君主不能有效掌握权力的体现。权力是刚性的、让人生畏的,但掌权者的个人喜好是柔软的、可琢磨的、可亲近的,奸臣弄权无一不是通过掌权者的个人喜好入手,赢得信任后窃取权力。战乱是奸臣弄权达到一定程度的逻辑结果,其表现形式主要是指连年征战与举国皆兵。

Han Fei analyzed the causes of social unrest in the Warring States Period,and he believed that the causes of political crisis were divided into three levels.The reason of the deepest level is that the monarch is extravagant in ruling the country and cannot hold power effectively,and its external performance is that treacherous court officials manipulate power for personal ends.Power is rigid and intimidating,but the personal preferences of those in power are soft,flexible and approachable.Treacherous courtiers play power through the personal preferences of those in power,so that they can win trust and steal power.The chaos caused by war is the logical result of the treachery courtiers playing power to a certain extent.