主要粮食作物基于SPAD的氮素营养诊断方法研究进展

Research progress on nitrogen nutrition diagnosis method based on SPAD for main grain crops

基于叶绿素计测定的SPAD值与植物叶片叶绿素和氮浓度的关系,详细综述了用叶绿素计在玉米、小麦、水稻以及其他作物上进行氮素营养诊断的研究进展。第一,“相对SPAD值”、“氮饱和指数”或“归一化SPAD”等指标能够消除或减小品种、生育期及区域年际间的误差;第二,不同生育期应选择理想指示叶作为诊断目标;第三,不同叶位间的SPAD差值与氮素营养的关系较为稳定可靠。总结了基于SPAD的作物营养诊断和推荐施肥技术规范、不同作物种类SPAD值及其衍生参数的筛选、模型的稳定性和普适性,除氮素外其他营养元素与SPAD的响应关系等方面存在的问题和不足。在此基础上提出了利用叶绿素计开展植物氮素营养诊断与施肥需要进一步研究的方向:一是建立基于SPAD的不同作物氮素营养诊断的技术规范;二是确定基于叶片SPAD值的作物氮营养丰缺指标;三是建立基于叶片SPAD值的作物施肥模型;四是开发基于SPAD的施肥决策支持系统;五是开展钾、镁、铁、锰等与叶绿素合成有关的其他营养元素与SPAD值的关系研究。

This paper reviews the research progress on N nutrition diagnosis of corn,wheat,rice,and other crops using chlorophyll meter.The review focused on the relationship between SPAD,plant leaf chlorophyll,and N concentration.Firstly,indicators such as“relative SPAD value”“,nitrogen saturation index”,or“normalized SPAD”could eliminate or reduce errors between varieties,growth periods,and regions interannual.Secondly,leaf is the ideal indicator suitable for the diagnostic target at different growth periods.Thirdly,the relationship between SPAD differences among various layers of leaves and N nutrition is more stable and reliable.We summarized the identified problems and shortcomings in the technical specification of crop nutrition diagnosis.Further,we recommend fertilization based on SPAD,building and screening SPAD values of different crop species and their derivative parameters,stability and universality of models,and the response relationship between other nutrients besides N and SPAD.On this basis,the paper put forward further research directions on the diagnosis of plant N nutrition and fertilization using a chlorophyll meter.1)There is a need to scale up technical specifications for different crops N nutrition diagnosis based on SPAD.2)There is a need to consider the determination of N sufficiency and deficiency indexes of leaf SPAD.3)Fertilization models based on leaf SPAD should be established.4)A fertilization decision support system based on SPAD should be developed.5)There is a need for further research on the relationships between other nutrients related to chlorophyll synthesis such as K,Mg,Fe,and Mn and SPAD values.