三江平原东方白鹳幼鸟的重要活动区特征

Characteristics of Important Activity Zones of Young Oriental White Stork in Sanjiang Plain

掌握离巢的水鸟幼鸟的活动区特征,对水鸟保护具有重要意义。于2016年7月,在三江平原,利用卫星追踪了4只东方白鹳(Ciconia boyciana)幼鸟,采用最近邻域法(nearest neighbor method)和100%最小凸多边形(minimum convex polygon,MCP)方法等,研究其选择的重要活动区、重要活动区的面积和其在重要活动区中生境的特征。研究结果表明,2016年7月6日至10月下旬,在三江平原,4只东方白鹳幼鸟共选择了10处重要活动区,其主要分布在兴凯湖、挠力河、浓江、黑龙江和松花江的沿岸地带;10处重要活动区的平均面积为468.92 km^(2);在重要活动区内,4只东方白鹳幼鸟的最主要生境是沼泽,其次为水田、河流和湖泊。未来,应该重点加强对东方白鹳幼鸟重要活动区的保护和管理,减少东方白鹳幼鸟重要活动区内的人类活动,严格控制自然保护区内的旱地面积。

Understanding characteristics of activity zone of young waterbirds leaving nests are important for protecting waterbird fledglings.In this study,4 individuals of young oriental white stork(Ciconia boyciana)in Sanjiang Plain were tracked from July 6 to late October 2016,and their important activity zones selected,activity zone areas and land cover change of the activity zones were studied using nearest neighbor method and 100%minimum convex polygon method.The results showed that there were 10 important activity zones for 4 individuals of young oriental white stork distributed near Xingkai Lake,Naoli River,Nongjiang,Songhua River,and Heilongjiang River.The mean area of 10 important activity zones for 4 individuals of young oriental white stork was 468.92 km^(2).The main types of land use of the activity zones were paddy field,march,river,and lake.It is suggested that the government should enhance the protection and management of important activity zones of young oriental white stork,and reduce the impact of human activities and Strictly control the area of dry-farming land.