2017年七星河国家级自然保护区大型底栖动物群落结构、多样性和摄食功能群研究

Community Structure,Diversity and Feeding Functional Groups of Benthic Macroinvertebrates in Qixinghe National Nature Reserve in 2017

在黑龙江省双鸭山市宝清县七星河国家级自然保护区的缓冲区和实验区的河流、湖泡和沼泽中,各设置了6个采样点,于2017年5月10日、7月10日和9月10日,在各采样点,采集大型底栖动物样品,对大型底栖动物样品进行物种鉴定,研究了大型底栖动物群落的结构和多样性,划分了大型底栖动物的摄食功能群。研究结果表明,在七星河国家级自然保护区12个采样点,共记录大型底栖动物14目32科66种;5月(春季)和9月(秋季)大型底栖动物的物种数量和密度都大于7月(夏季),5月和9月大型底栖动物群落的物种多样性和均匀度都大于7月;赤豆螺(Bithynia fuchsiana)和凸旋螺(Gyraulus convexiusculus)在5月、7月和9月都为大型底栖动物群落的优势物种;可以将该保护区的大型底栖动物划分为捕食者、直接集食者、过滤收集者、刮食者、撕食者和杂食者6种摄食功能群,刮食者为优势摄食功能群。

Six sampling sites were set up in the rivers, lakes and marches, respectively in the buffer area and experimental area of Qixinghe National Nature Reserve, Baoqing county, Shuangyashan city, Heilongjiang province. Species identification and fuctional feeding groups division were performed on the benthic macroinvertebrates samples which were collected in sampling sites on May 10, July 10 and September 10,2017, the structure and diversity of the benthic macroinvertebrates community were studied. The results showed that 66 species, 32 families and 14 orders of macrobenthos were collected from 12 sampling sites in Qixinghe National Nature Reserve. The species numbers and densities of benthic macroinvertebrates in May(spring) and September(autumn) were higher than those in July(summer), and the species diversity and evenness of benthic macroinvertebrates community in May and September were higher than those in July. Bithynia fuchsiana and Gyraulus convexiusculus were dominant species in May, July and September. The macrobenthos in the reserve could be divided into 6 fuctional feeding groups: predator, gathers collectors,filter collectors, scrapers, shredders and omnicorous. The scrapers was the most dominant feeding group.