基于AHP的城市开放空间包容性研究方法探析

AHP-Based Quantitative Research Methods for Inclusiveness of Urban Open Spaces

介于城市开放空间所具有的公共属性,对其包容性的研究不仅要聚焦于空间对弱势群体的包容性,还应当考虑空间中各类使用者之间的包容性关系。使用者对于空间各类功能的需求差异及差异程度是研究该层面包容性的关键。需求差异的定量化研究是城市开放空间包容性从理论转向实践的重要依据和过程。利用AHP分析方法来探析需求差异由定性研究转化为定量研究的方法。通过以示例场地中青年、中年和老年需求为例,介绍了AHP分析对于城市开放空间包容性研究的方法及运算步骤。并得出了场地对于三类群体相对的适宜性程度、适宜性程度差异和三者对于场地中各类需求差异程度的定量化结论。

Given the publicness of urban open spaces,the research on their inclusiveness should not only focus on their admission for vulnerable groups,but also take into account the mutual reciprocity between different types of users in such spaces.The key to the research of their inclusiveness lies in the different demands of various kinds of users for the varying functions of the spaces as well as the degrees of such differences.Quantitative research provides an important foundation and approach for shifting the study of demand differences from theory to practice.In this paper we adopt the AHP approach to achieve a transition from qualitative research to quantitative research in the study of demand differences.Taking the varying demands of young,middle-aged and elderly people for urban open spaces as examples,we introduce the methods and process of using the AHP approach to study the inclusiveness of urban open spaces,and draw a quantitative conclusion on the respective suitability of those spaces and different degrees of suitability for three groups of people,as well as the degrees of their demand differences.