水产品腐败菌生物膜的形成及调控机制研究进展

Research Progress on Biofilm Formation and Regulatory Mechanisms of Spoilage Bacteria in Aquatic Products

生物膜是细菌与物体表面接触后为抵御不良环境而形成的聚合体。腐败菌可以形成成熟的生物膜附着在水产品表面,表现出更强的腐败能力且难以清除,因此有必要全面认识腐败菌生物膜。本文综述水产品中腐败菌生物膜的组成结构、形成过程以及3个菌种(希瓦氏菌、荧光假单胞菌和嗜水单气胞菌)生物膜的分子调控机制。在这些细菌中,生物膜的形成普遍受环二鸟苷酸(c-di-GMP)和群体感应(Quorum Sensing,QS)的调节,这些调控系统通过改变菌体的黏附性、运动性和胞外多糖来抑制或促进细菌生物膜的形成。介绍了控制腐败菌生物膜的新方法,以及一些应用于其它菌种的新方法,以便用于腐败菌中,为水产品中腐败菌生物膜的形成调控机制和防治措施提供参考。

Biofilm is a bacterial polymer formed by bacteria contacting with surfaces of objects to resist adverse environment.Spoilage bacteria can form mature biofilm and attach to the surface of aquatic products,which shows stronger corruption and is difficult to remove.Therefore,it is necessary to comprehensively understand biofilms of spoilage bacteria.In this paper,the composition and formation process of spoilage bacteria biofilm in aquatic products and the molecular regulation mechanism of biofilm of three strains(Shewanella,Pseudomonas fluorescens and Aeromonas hydrophila)were reviewed.In these bacteria,the formation of biofilms is generally regulated by cyclic diguanylic acid(c-di-GMP)and quorum sensing(QS).These regulatory systems inhibit or promote the formation of bacterial biofilm by changing the adhesion,motility and extracellular polysaccharides of bacteria.Finally,the novel methods of controlling the biofilm of spoilage bacteria were introduced,and some new methods applied to other strains were summarized in order to be used in spoilage bacteria.It can provide a theory reference for the regulation mechanism of biofilm formation and prevention measures of spoilage bacteria in aquatic products.