“双碳”目标下燃煤机组碳排放配额浅析

Analysis of Carbon Emission Quota of Coal-fired Units Under“Double Carbon”Goal

“双碳”目标的达成离不开燃煤机组的碳排放控制,国家对燃煤机组实行碳排放配额制度,并首次发布了配额计算公式,对其碳排放实行控制。文章对配额计算公式各因子进行分析和假设计算,结果表明除经济性偏离设计值较大的亚临界600 MW机组外,其余电网现役主力燃煤机组的碳排放配额目前应暂时够用、压力相对较小,按“先立后破”原则,这应只是暂时过渡;2021年12月前,国家能源局将完成细化能源领域“双碳”目标的落实举措和配套政策,应会调整配额计算公式,后续配额应会趋严、逐步减少、压力渐增,要求机组尽快实施节能提效、升级转型;功率划分临界点(300 MW等级及以下)常规燃煤机组每MWh获得的碳排放配额相对较多,机组选型时可优先考虑;负荷系数修正系数的设计要求高负荷机组需高效、鼓励机组积极参与调峰。

The achievement of the"double carbon"goal is inseparable from the carbon emission control of coal-fired units.The State implements the carbon emission quota system for coal-fired units,and issues the quota calculation formula for the first time to control their carbon emission.This paper analyzes and calculates the factors of the quota calculation formula.Except for the subcritical 600 MW units with large economic deviation from the design value,the carbon emission quota of the main coal-fired units in active service in the power grid should be sufficient temporarily and the pressure is relatively small.According to the principle of"standing first and then breaking",it should be only a temporary transition;Before December 2021,the national energy administration will complete the implementation measures and supporting policies to refine the"double carbon"goal in the energy field.The quota calculation formula should be adjusted.The subsequent quota should be tightened,gradually reduced and the pressure will increase.The units are required to implement energy conservation,efficiency improvement,upgrading and transformation as soon as possible;At the critical point of power division(300 MW and below),conventional coal-fired units obtain relatively more carbon emission quotas per MWh which can be given priority in unit selection.The design of load factor correction factor requires high load units to be efficient and encourage units to actively participate in peak shaving.