城市公园空间庇护感与人群身心健康恢复绩效的关联性研究

Study on the Correlation between the Sense of Refuge in Urban Parks and the Effect of Mental Recovery in Population

基于风景园林学对空间庇护感的建构理论,以重庆龙头寺公园为调查区域,选取由3种庇护类型(植物群落、景观建筑、休憩设施)和3种庇护等级(顶部覆盖面、两侧和后侧围合面及前方遮挡面构成的高、中、低空间围合关系)构成的9类空间样本,现场测试83名受试者在空间样本中观察前后,注意力和情绪等心理感受及脉搏和血压等生理信号的恢复性效果。结果表明,注意力方面,高庇护和中庇护等级的恢复绩效均明显优于低庇护等级;情绪方面,休憩设施和景观建筑的恢复绩效明显优于植物群落;舒张压和收缩压方面,植物群落的恢复绩效显著优于休憩设施和景观建筑。在类型和等级的交互作用下,低庇护休憩设施、高庇护景观建筑和高庇护植物群落对注意力产生明显的恢复效果;低庇护植物群落、高庇护休憩设施和中庇护景观建筑的组合能显著促进舒张压和收缩压的恢复。

Taking Chongqing Longtou Temple Park as the investigation area,9 spatial samples were selected from 3 types of shelters(plant community,landscape building,and recreation facilities)and 3 levels of shelters(top coverage,high,medium and low space enclosure relationships formed by both sides and rear enclosing surfaces and front shielding surfaces).A field experiment was conducted to test the restorative effects of attention,mood,pulse and blood pressure before and after the 83 subjects were placed in a spatial sample for observation.The results showed that in terms of attention recovery,both high and medium shelters were significantly better than low shelters.In terms of emotional recovery,the recreation facilities and landscape buildings were signifcantly better than plant communities.In terms of diastolic blood pressure and systolic blood pressure,the recovery effect of plant community was signifcantly better than that of recreation facilities and landscape buildings.Under the interaction of shelter types and levels,low sheltered recreation facilities,high sheltered landscape buildings and high sheltered plant communities have a comprehensive effect on attention recovery.Low sheltered plant community,high sheltered recreation facilities and medium sheltered landscape architecture have a comprehensive effect on the diastolic and systolic blood pressure recovery of physiological signals.