调理剂施用与节水灌溉结合对旱直播稻产量、品质及养分吸收影响研究

Effects of regulator application combined with water-saving irrigation on yield,quality and nutrient absorption of dry direct seeding rice

为研究发展节水、省工、省时、改善旱直播稻产量和品质的新型生产栽培方式,本试验设8个处理,即:T1(W1+对照)、T2(W1+生物炭)、T3(W1+硅)、T4(W1+1/2生物炭+1/2硅)、T5(W2+对照)、T6(W2+生物炭)、T7(W2+硅)和T8(W2+1/2生物炭+1/2硅),研究旱直播稻的产量、品质及养分吸收情况。结果表明:T3处理能够获得较高的总干生物量,为1632.4kg/667m^(2),稻谷干物质量达680.9 kg/667m^(2),稻谷吸氮量、吸磷量分别为8.50、1.40kg/667m^(2);T2处理氮素、磷素、钾素总吸收量均最大,分别为15.30、2.68和13.84 kg/667m^(2),茎叶部位同样吸收量最大。T4处理稻米直链淀粉含量和脂肪酸含量明显低于其他处理,蛋白质含量为9.00%,食味值较高,能够改善稻米品质,利于提高水分生产效率,获得旱直播稻稳产优质。从水分管理来看,W1(湿润灌溉)旱直播稻在干物质量、产量及养分吸收方面均显著优于W2(关键需水期灌溉),W1营养和食味品质较好,W2加工与外观品质较好。

In order to study and develop new production and cultivation methods of water-saving,labor-saving,time-saving dry direct seeding rice and improve its yield and quality,eight treatments were designed,namely T1(W1+control),T2(W1+biochar),T3(W1+silicon),T4(W1+1/2 biochar+1/2 silicon),T5(W2+control),T6(W2+biochar),T7(W2+silicon),T8(W2+1/2 biochar+1/2 silicon)to study the yield,quality and nutrient absorption.The results showed that T3 silicon treatment could obtain higher total dry matter weight of 1632.4 kg/667 m2,rice dry matter weight of 680.9 kg/667 m^(2),and nitrogen and phosphorus uptake of rice were 8.50 and 1.40 kg/667 m^(2);The total absorption amount of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in T2 treatment were the largest,reaching 15.30,2.68 and 13.84 kg/667 m^(2)respectively,and the absorption amount of stem and leaf was also the largest.The amylose content and fatty acid content of T4 treatment were significantly lower than those of other treatments,with the protein content 9.00%,and the taste value higher,which could improve the quality of rice,improve the water production efficiency,and obtain stable yield and high quality of dry direct seeding rice.In terms of water management,dry matter quality,yield and nutrient absorption of dry direct seeding rice under W1(wet irrigation)were significantly better than W2(irrigation in key water demand period).In terms of quality,W1 had better nutrition and taste quality,while W2 had better processing and appearance quality.