含危化品集装箱运输的普货码头外部安全防护距离分级研究

Grading Study on External Safety Protection Distance for General Cargo Wharf With Hazardous Cargo Container

普货码头在采取安全措施后允许运输少量危险货物,而可燃、易爆、有毒的危险货物易造成事故且事故后果严重。通过对标相关规范,此类码头的外部安全防护距离目前尚无标准规范可依,且相关研究较少。本文基于此类码头的特点,提出根据周边建筑物超压损坏的“安全距离”和超压冲击波、毒性扩散的伤害距离确定外部安全防护距离的方法,并根据事故严重程度的不同对外部防护目标进行分级管控。结果表明:通过此定量计算得出的外部安全防护距离较单一场景更加科学合理,且分级管控可节约相关资源,为码头的日常防护及应急管理提供技术支持,具有实际应用价值。

The general wharf is permitted to transport a small number of hazardous cargos which are combustible,explosive and toxic after taking safety measures.However,it is found that how to determine the safety distance of such wharfs is not definite because there are no specific regulations in the relevant standards and there are also less relevant researches.Based on the features of this kind of wharfs,a method for determining the external safety protection distance is put forward according to the safety distance that causes the overpressure destruction of buildings and the harm distance that causes overpressure shock wave or toxicity diffusion.The grading management and control is carried out to the adjacent outside objects that need to be protected according to the different accident severity.The results show that the external safety protection distance determined by the quantitative calculation is more reasonable than that of single scenario and grading management and control can also save resources,which provides technical support for daily protection and emergency management of the wharf and is practical application value.