常规条件下巷道支护设计的原理与方法研究

Research on principles and methods of roadway support design under conventional conditions

目前,巷道掘进总进尺超过12 000 km/a,但巷道支护设计方法基本还是工程类比法。在分析、综述现有的巷道支护设计理论与方法的基础上,从巷道支护设计的基本特征、巷道开挖的力学原理入手,提出常规巷道支护设计的基本原理与方法如下:(1)全面、综合地考虑地应力量级、围岩地质力学参数与指标、围岩体强度、围岩分级等影响因素,并准确地取值或估算;(2)正确分析不同围岩地质条件下巷道支护设计的基本特征、巷道开挖的力学效应;(3)准确理解与分析不同围岩类型条件下巷道的围岩-支护相互作用机制;(4)严格按照围岩-支护相互作用机制计算围岩压力和变形大小。为了准确地理解围岩-支护相互作用机制,本文简要给出了弹塑性变形阶段的围岩-支护相互作用的全过程解析方法。本文提出的巷道支护设计的内容、原理、方法与流程,可为巷道支护设计规范的编制提供理论依据。

At present,the total footage of roadway excavation exceeds 12 000 km/a,but the roadway support design is basically carried out by using the engineering analogy method. On the basis of summarizing the existing roadway support design theories and methods,the roadway support design principles and design methods are proposed starting with the basic characteristics of roadway support design and the mechanics principles of roadway excavation,as:(1) The influence factors such as the magnitude of in-situ stresses,the geomechanical parameters and indexes of the surrounding rock,the strength of the surrounding rock and the classification of the surrounding rock should be taken into consideration comprehensively,and their values should be determined accurately.(2) The basic features of roadway support design and the mechanical effects of roadway excavation under different surrounding rock geological conditions should be analyzed correctly.(3) The interaction mechanism between the surrounding rock and the support of the roadways with different surrounding rock types should be understood and analyzed correctly.(4) Accurate calculations of the pressure and deformation of the surrounding rock are necessory in accordance with the interaction mechanism between the surrounding rock and the support. In order to accurately understand the principle of interaction between the surrounding rock and the support,this paper briefly gives an analytical method for the whole process of the interaction between the surrounding rock and the support in the elasto-plastic deformation stage. The content,principle,method and process of roadway support design proposed in this paper can provide theoretical basis for the preparation of roadway support design specifications.