调节性细胞死亡与急性肾损伤

Acute kidney injury and regulated cell death

急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury,AKI)是指各种病理因素引起的肾功能短期内出现急速下降的临床综合征。在AKI发展过程中,具有重吸收和排泌功能的肾小管是损伤的重要靶点,极易因病理刺激发生细胞死亡,肾小管上皮细胞的丢失是肾功能受损的重要原因。近年来,多种细胞死亡方式被逐渐认识,研究者发现坏死性凋亡、焦亡与铁死亡等调节性细胞死亡(regulatedcelldeath,RCD)方式都参与AKI的发生和发展。本文就各类RCD参与AKI进展的研究现状进行概述,试图加深对AKI发生机制的认识,并为探索AKI的临床治疗新思路提供思考。

Acute kidney injury(AKI)refers to a clinical syndrome in which renal function declines rapidly in a short period of time caused by various pathological factors.During the development of AKI,renal tubules with the functions of reabsorption and excretion are prone to cell death due to external pathological stimuli,which is an important cause of impaired renal function.In recent years,a variety of new cell death pathways have been gradually recognized.Researchers have now found that regulated cell death(RCD),such as necroptosis,pyroptosis and ferroptosis,are important regulatory mechanisms of AKI.This article will summarize the research advances of various types of RCD involved in the process of AKI,aiming to deepen the understanding of AKI and provide innovative thoughts for the clinical treatment of AKI.