非编码RNA在急性肾损伤中作用及机制的研究进展

Role and mechanism of non-coding RNA in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury

急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury,AKI)是临床常见的综合征,是慢性肾脏病和终末期肾脏病的独立危险因素。目前对于AKI的治疗和早期诊断的手段仍十分有限,其发病率和死亡率呈上升趋势。非编码RNA(non-coding RNA,ncRNA),包括微小RNA、长链非编码RNA和环状RNA,是转录自基因组的不具备翻译成蛋白能力的RNA。已有广泛报道表明,ncRNA通过调控不同的分子生物学功能如细胞凋亡、氧化应激反应参与缺血再灌注损伤(ischemia reperfusion injury,IRI)、药物和脓毒血症导致的AKI,有望成为临床防治AKI的新靶点和预警AKI发生及其预后的新型生物标志物。本文就ncRNA在AKI中的作用、机制及其作为生物标志物的研究进展进行阐述。

Acute kidney injury(AKI)is a common clinical syndrome and an independent risk factor of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal failure.At present,the treatments of AKI are still very limited and the morbidity and mortality of AKI are rising.Non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs),including microRNAs,long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs(circRNAs),are RNAs that are transcribed from the genome,but not translated into proteins.It has been widely reported that ncRNA is involved in AKI caused by ischemia reperfusion injury(IRI),drugs and sepsis through different molecular biological mechanisms,such as apoptosis and oxidative stress response.Therefore,ncRNAs are expected to become a new target for clinical prevention and treatment of AKI and a new biomarker for early warning of the occurrence and prognosis of AKI.Here,the role and mechanism of ncRNA in AKI and the research progress of ncRNA as biomarkers are reviewed.